Evaluation of quantitative relationships between saffron yield and nutrition (on farm trial)
M. A
Behdani
Birjand
author
A
Koocheki
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to relate production of saffron and utilization of nutrients, a study was conducted in 2001 and 2002. Four selected locations for this study were Birjand, Gonabad, Qaen and Torbat-Haydariah, which are the main saffron production centers in Iran. This study was performed in 160 saffron farms, aged between 1 and 5 years. Manure, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers showed a positive linear relation with yield and length of flowering, while nitrogen and phosphorous showed a negative linear relation with start of flowering period. Yield of saffron showed a significant and positive correlation with the amount of applied manure and the saffron farms with age 4-5 year had highest yield. Our results showed that manure was the most effective factor in production of saffron. The beneficial effects of manure could be due to slow release of nutrients and enhancing soil physical properties. Stepwise regression analysis of yield and fertilizer application showed that 67 percent of yield variations was attributed to manure and phosphorous application.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
1
14
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26674_01cfb9ddf997e0d65d589dd8ba9d1dce.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1287
Effects of planting depth and flooding period on germination and emergence of swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum)
A. H
Pahlavani
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M. T
Ale ebrahim
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M.H
Rashed Mohasel
Department of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
F
Miaghani
-
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
Effect of 13 planting depths and 6 flooding periods on germination and emergence of swallow wort were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that swallow wort seeds emerged from up to 6 cm depth. The highest emergence occurred in the first, second, third and fourth week after emergence from 0.5 cm; 0.5, 1 and 1.5 cm; 1.5 cm; and 1.5 cm planting depth, respectively. At the end of the fourth week, 6.5 cm depth treatment had zero emergence. Increasing burial depth resulted in induced secondary dormancy. Increasing flooding period, did not affect germination percentage. However, fresh weight, radicle and hypocotyle lengths under flooding conditions were decreased significantly compared to control. Seeds flooded for 3 and 21 days had the highest and lowest fresh weight, respectively. Hypocotyle length was highest under zero and one day flooding treatments, but lowest under 14 days flooding treatment. Radicle length was highest under 0, 1, 3 and 7 days flooding treatments and lowest under 14 and 21 days flooding treatments.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
15
24
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26708_0e0595816e84aea2f9dc4ed62291d41c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1288
Evaluation of seed vigor tests for determinig alfalfa seed quality
H
Tavakoli Kakhki
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی
author
S. A
Beheshti
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to determine the best seed vigor test in laboratory which may provide high correlation between alfalfa seedling stablishment in the field, two experiment were conducted in field as well as in laboratory. Four alfalfa cultivars Bami, Ghareyonjeh, Hamadani and Yazdi were used. Different seed vigor tests including standard germination, germination in low tempretaure (5c ), germination rate, osmotic stress, accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity tests were laid out in a randomized completely design (RCD) with four replications in laboratory experiment. The second experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) and each treatment replicated four times. Results revealed significant differences (p≤ 0.01) among different cultivars for establishment percentage and rate. Results also showed that there were significant correlations between electrical conductivity test and establishment percentage (r= -0.65 , p ≤ 0.01) as well as establishment rate (r= -0.80 , p ≤ 0.01). Correlation coefficients for rate and emergence percentage were significant and positive (r= 0.91, p ≤ 0.01 ). Stepwise method disclosed that the regression model (y=165.23 – 0.15 x r2=0.64) , (p ≤ 0.01) for predicting rate of emergence could be recommended. In this model x (dependent variable) is value of electrical conductivity and y (independent variable) is rate of emergence.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
25
34
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26738_d7e4852bc8aa8327dcf971671088ee95.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1289
The effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of millets
H. R
Khazaei
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Mohammadabadi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Borzouei
-
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to study the effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of millets, a field experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block as a split-plot design with three replication during 2004 growing season at Reasearch Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Irrigation intervals (weekly interval, 14-day interval) and three types of millet (Pennisetum glaceum , Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum) were allocated to main and sub plots, respectively. Results showed that, grain yield, panicle weight, grain weight, number of tillers, number of fertile tillers, panicle harvest index, leaf area and percentage of nitrogen leaf was not affected by water stress treatments. Although, type of millets had significiant effect on these traits. Exposure of plants to water stress led to noticeable decreases in plant height for all three cultivars. In this experiment, grain yield, plant height, panicle weight, grain weight, panicle harvest index and percentage of nitrogen of Panicum miliaceum was lowest, also Pennisetum glucum had relatively highest grain leaf yield, panicle weight, leaf area and percentage of leaf nitrogen and had favorable production potential in semi-arid tropical regions.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
35
44
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26758_2b55531721e97ccf4d4d0ed2be8da83d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1290
Effects of amount and timing of nitrogen application and weed density on wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) seed production in winter wheat
M
Rastgoo
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Ghanbari
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Bannayan Aval
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
H
Rahimiyan mashhadi
-
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to study the effects of amount and timing of nitrogen application and weed density on wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) seed production in winter wheat, an experiment was conducted in 2001 at Research station of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A Split plot design with three replications were used with factorial combination of weed density (0, 8, 16, and 32 plant/m2) and nitrogen (low=100, optimum= 150, and high= 225 Kg/ha) as main plots.The sub plot factor included nitrogen splitting pattern (P1=1/3 at planting time+2/3 at tillering, P2= 1/3 at planting time + 1/3 at tillering + 1/3 at shooting). According to the results, wild mustard seed production increased with increasing wild mustard density and nitrogen rates, due to high wild mustard biomass production. Seed production of wild mustard was 161, 311, and 488 million/ha in low, optimum and high nitrogen rates, respectively. In the other hand, density and nitrogen rates had a significant effect on wild mustard fecundity. However, nitrogen splitting pattern showed no significant effect on wild mustard seed production.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
45
56
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26796_66d078c1667dafc34d8aacf849816125.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1291
Effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame (Sesamum indicum)
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Gh
Norouz pour
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
J
Nabati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Mohammadabadi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to study the effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame, an experiment was conducted at experimental station, college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Four different irrigation intervals (one, two, three and four weeks) with four plant densities (20, 30, 40 and 50 plants/m2) were compared in a spilt plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Irrigation intervals and plant densities allocated in main plots and subplots, respectively. Different characteristics such as plant height, distance of first capsule from soil surface, number of branches per plant, number of grains per capsule, number of capsules per plant, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, harvest index and oil yield were recorded. The results showed that there were no significant difference between different irrigation intervals in terms of distance of first capsule from soil surface, number of grains per capsule, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. Different irrigation intervals had significant effects on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, grain yield and oil yield. There were significant differences between different plant densities in terms of distance of first capsule from soil surface, number of branches per plant, number of graines per capsule, number of capsules per plant, grain yield, harvest index and oil yield. The highest grain yield (798/7 kg/ha) and oil yield (412/8 kg/ha) were obtained at one week and four weeks irrigation intervals, respectively. Between all treatments, 50 plants/m2 and one week irrigation interval produced the highest grain yield (914/7 kg/ha) and oil yield (478/6 kg/ha). Because of shortage of water in Mashhad condition, the results recommended that, 50 plants/m2 and two weeks irrigation interval produced rather acceptable grain yield, with less water consumption.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
57
68
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26829_daa76809eb72adba587d0990e0b79ab7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1292
Physiological effects of drought stress by polyethylene glycol on germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes
M
Kafi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Nezami
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
H
Hoseyni
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Masoumi
دانشگاه پیام نور خراسان رضوی
author
text
article
2005
per
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the traditional pulses of arid and semi-arid regions which is cultivated under rainfed conditions. Germination is one of the main growth stages that successfulness in this stage is dependent on moisture content of soil at time of planting. This study examined germination characteristics of 12 lentil genotypes ( MLC 129, MLC 4, MLC 13, MLC 40, MLC 232, MLC 80, MLC 191, MLC 187, MLC 183, MLC 179, MLC 245, ML313) under five levels of negative water potential ( 0 , -4 , -8 , -12 , -16 bar ) using a 5×12 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Water potential significantly reduced germination percentage, germination rate, radicle and plumule length, radicle and plumule dry weight. The genotypes showed a significant difference in all trails except radicle to plumule ratio and radicle to plumule dry weight ratio. Based on this result plumule length as a plantlet trait and -8, -12 bars as negative water potential are suggested for evaluating drought resistance of lentil genotypes to water stress.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
69
80
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26838_59cd19d004380aaf99c2eacc9feeb800.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1293
Effect of different treatments on breaking dormancy of Teucrium polium
A
Koocheki
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
E
Azizi
-
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to evaluate effects of different treatments on breaking dormancy of Teucrium polium, an experiment was conducted with 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Seeds were subjected to different treatments including various levels of GA3, H2SO4, soaking with water and chilling. Germination of Teucrium polium increased with different concentrations of GA3. Percentage germination Maximum and rate was obtained at concentrations of 250, 1500 ppm (72h) GA3 and combination of GA3 (1500ppm) and chilling (5 ºC) for a period of 14 days. GA3 (500ppm) increased germination percentage but not germination rate. Soaking with water broke dormancy and induced 32% seed germination of Teucrium polium, but H2SO4, freezing (-10 ºC) and combination of both treatments had no effect on dormancy.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
81
88
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26857_ce0677e0593f45d06d9eca5e46dfdb2b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1294
Effects of different input levels on weed seed bank in wheat fields of Mashhad
A
Koocheki
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
Species composition in weed seedbank was studied in low, medium and high input wheat fields. Two fields were selected for each input level based on the intensity of external inputs, e. g. chemical fertilizers, pesticides (in particular herbicides) and soil manipulation. Soil samples from 0-30 cm depth were taken systematically at 40 points in each field. Sampling was conducted in spring (early growing season) and autumn (end of growing season) and weed seeds in the soil seedbank were identified using standard methods. Total numbers of 18 weed species, mainly annual broad leaves, were extracted in three input levels and two samplings. Shannon diversity index (H) for weed seedbank was generally low (H
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
89
102
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26895_1d44afae16adbb584fcd1c51d407b771.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1295
Screening for drought tolerance in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.).
A
Ganjeali
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Kafi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Bagheri
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
F
Shahriari
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to evaluate drought tolerance of chickpea genotypes and identifying the best indices of drought tolerance, an experiment was conducted at two regions of research field in Mashhad Collage of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Station in Nishabour in 2003 growing season. The 34 genotypes were tested using a randomized complete block design under two irrigated (non stress) and rainfed (stress) conditions. Quantitive drought tolerance and susceptibility indices such as Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Harmonic Mean (HM), Tolerance Index (TOL) and Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) based on yield in stress and non stress conditions were calculated. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for drought tolerance indices with exception of TOL and SSI .
The highest yield was found in genotype numbers of 4,5,16,17,18,19 and 31 respectively genotypes ICCV 93040, ICCV 93042, MCC 13, MCC 448, MCC 5, MCC 10, MCC 16 in non stress conditions but genotype numbers 4,16 and 19 showed merely the highest yield in stress conditions in two regions. Results of regression analysis showed that MP,GMP,STI and HM indices had positive and high significance correlation with yield in stress and non stress conditions . Theses results indicate that MP,GMP,STI and HM are the most suitable criteria for screening drought resistant genotypes. Base on these criteria , genotype numbers of 4,16 and 19 that have the highest yield in stress and non stress conditions and rest near to vectors of drought resistance indices like MP,GMP,STI and HM in multivariate biplot space, Therefore, these genotypes may be recommended as drought tolerant genotypes in this study.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
103
122
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26903_d58e032c0b1348e13a62246a0e8180eb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1296
Evaluation of germination behavior and optimum planting date of Ferula gummosa
F
Melati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Koocheki
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to study the dormancy breaking techniques of Ferula gummosa seeds and also determining the optimum planting date of this species, an experiment was conducted during 2003 and 2004 in faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A factorial experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design with two factors, washing seeds with tap water and unwashed control, and constant temperatures of 2, 5, 8 and 11oC, with four replications was used. Percentage of germination and germination rate were counted with daily interval. In addition the effects of different planting dates including, 22 March, 24 September and 23 December, on Ferula gummosa plantlets emergence, in pots and field conditions were studied in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Results showed that the maximum percentage of germination (97.5%) and germination rate (1.5 seeds per day) were obtained at 8oC in washed treatment. Washing seeds with tap water increased percentage of germination (32-72%) in all temperature treatments, significantly. Increasing temperature above 8 oC decreased germination rate and percentage of germination in both washed and unwashed (control) treatments, significantly. Our results showed that the maximum emergence (percentage), of Ferula gummosa were obtained in autumn and winter planting dates. No emergence of seedings was observed at spring planting date.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
123
128
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26933_49826ad5f2f83731347f020d65b16a7c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1297
Ecological Sustainability of a Wheat-cotton Agroecosystem in Khorassan
A
Mahdavi
-
author
A
Koocheki
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
In order to develop a sustainability index (SI) for quantifying the sustainability of a wheat-cotton agroecosystem, a study was conducted in 2003 in the Khorassan province. Data of socio-economic, agronomic and ecological indicators were collected using 518 questionnaires. Results showed that only 18.6 percent of farmers gained the half or more of SI scores. The mean SI score was 44.0 which indicate that these agroecosystems are not sustainable. Results of this study are in consistent with other reports in other regions of the country. Livestock production, crop production, and water and irrigation indicators had the lowest score (6, 31, and 37, respectively). The backward stepwise regression analysis indicated that SI can be predicted from a linear combination of field size, wheat yield, crop residue management, crop income and education and extension services, while application of chemical fertilizers did not add to the prediction ability of SI. Results also showed that any progress in farmers’ education, economic viability, crop production management and water use efficiency could improve overall sustainability of these agroecosystems substantially.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
129
142
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_26978_0960c808369134443eb29835e47c6272.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1298
Responsiveness of cold tolerant chickpea characteristics in fall and spring planting: I- phenology and morphology
A
Nezami
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Bagheri
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
Although some cold tolerant chickpeas have been recognized for fall planting in the highlands of Northeastern Iran, there is no information about the growth and development of these accessions. The study was undertaken to evaluate the phenology and morphology of cold tolerant chickpeas in fall and spring planting. Thirty three chickpea genotypes (32 cold tolerant genotypes and one susceptible genotyp) across four planting date (28 Sep., 16 Oct., 2 Nov. and 7 Mar.) were sown during 2000-2001 growing season at the experimental field of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as a split plot design with two replications. The planting dates were imposed as main plot and chickpea genotypes as subplot. Effects of planting dates on days from planting to emergence, vegetative growth, growth stage before cold, height of plant at harvest and number. and length of branches per plant were significant (p
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
143
155
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_27008_33a057666222c6af8e0bfdf1e197e19c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1299
Responsiveness of cold tolerant chickpea characteristics in fall and spring planting: II. yield and yield components
A
Nezami
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
A
Bagheri
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2005
per
Previous research in Mashhad collection chickpeas (MCC) has shown that there are some cold tolerant genotypes for fall planting in the highlands. To obtain more detailed information about the reaction of these genotypes to fall and spring planting, the yield and yield component responses of 33 chickpea genotypes (32 cold tolerant genotypes and one susceptible genotypes) to four planting dates (28 Sep., 16 Oct., 2 Nov., and 7 Mar.) were evaluated in 2000-2001 growing season. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as a split plot design with two replications. The planting dates were imposed as main plot and chickpea genotypes as subplot. Effects of planting date and genotype on percent of plant survival (PPS) after winter, number. of pod per plant, 100 seed weight, yield and Harvest Index (HI) were significant (p
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
3
v.
1
no.
2005
156
170
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_27030_746fb953d4c9f8cb937a714da22a3407.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v3i1.1300