The Effect of Split Nitrogen Application on Patterns of Dry Matter partitioning in Sugar beet
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
A
Koocheki
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
The effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter (DM) partitioning patterns, yield and quality of sugar beet was studied in a field experiment at Brat Abad, Fariman during 2001 growing season. Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N ,70 ; N2 ,140 ; N3 ,210 kg N/ha) were split as S1, %100 at sowing ; S2, %75 at sowing and %25 at thinning; S3, %50 at sowing and %50 at thinning ;S4, %25 at sowing and %75 at thinning. Factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Dry matter partitioning towards storage roots in N1 and in N2 treatments switched at 66 and 76 day after emergence, respectively. In S1 spliting pattern more DM was allocated to root in all growth stages. So that in 1400 GDD (5 Aug) amount of dry matter partitioning to storage roots and tops was equal to %50 while at this stage, partitioning of dry matters to storage roots in S2, S3 and S4 were % 47, % 44 and % 38 , respectively. Nitrogen levels had significant effect on polarity, Na, K, recoverable sugar yield, white sugar content and molass sugar. However, these effects on root and sugar yield and N-amino was not significant. Higher rates of nitrogen fertilizer, led to decrease in polarity, white sugar content and recoverable sugar yield. However, root yield, Na, K, N-amino and molas sugar increased in response to N levels. Maximum net sugar yield (4.4 ton/ha) was obtained in the lowest N application. In this study, effect of different patterns of nitrogen spliting and interaction between spliting patterns and nitrogen rates on quality and quantity of sugar beet was not significant. However, maximum net sugar yield (4.8 ton/ha) was obtained in N1S1 where the lowest level of N fertilizer was applied at sowing.
Keywords: Sugar beet, Dry matters partitioning, Root yield, Sugar yield, Nitrogen
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
569
576
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33062_0056ece00783ca835fc321dfdfd83772.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7949
ffect of Sowing Date on Yield and Yield Components of Three Grain SorghumCultivars
M
Safari
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
M
AghaAlikhani
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
S. A. M
Modarres-Sanavy
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of sorghum cultivars, a field experiment was conducted at experimental field of agriculture factuly, Tarbiat Modares University which is located in 17 km Tehran-Karaj freeway. In this research effect of two factors, sowing date and cultivars of sorghum bicolor, was studied in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Main plots were sowing date with three levels (8th June, 28th June and 18th July) and sub plots were cultivars with three levels (Payam, Sepideh and Kimia). Investigated traits include biological yield and its component, panicle weight, grain yield, percent and yield of protein, harvest index and grain yield component. Result showed that total biomass and vegetative biomass were not affected by any of factors. panicle dry weight and harvest index was significantly affected by cultivars (p≤0.01) although in grain yield was significant in 95 percent level. Weight of 1000 seeds was also affected by sowing date and cultivar (p≤0.05) and was affected by sowing date × cultivar interaction (p≤0.01). In spite of non significant effect of sowing date on grain yield, the highest grain yield was obtained by Sepideh in 28th June. In the result for higher grain yield in this region and other places with similar conditions, sowing Sepideh cultivar in mid June is recommended.
Keywords: Grain sorghum, Sowing date, Leaf and stem biomass, Grain yield, Yield components
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
577
586
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33084_a84ff9017124503477bacf548b11cc2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7950
Effect of Freezing Stress on Electrolyte Leakage of Fennel Foeniculum vulgare
A
Nezami
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
G
Azizi
دانشگاه پیام نور سبزوار
author
A
Siahmarguee
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان
author
A
Mohammadabadi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to investigation of the effect of freezing stress on electrolyte leakage of two fennel landraces that grown on the field, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2004. Treatments were two fennel landraces (Khorasan and Kerman), two planting dates and six temperatures (0,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15°C). Seedlings were selected in 4-6 leaf stage from the field and transferred to the laboratory and different organs of seedlings (root, leaf and crown) were investigated for cytoplasmice membrane stability. Results indicated that electrolyte leakage percent of fennel landraces and those organs significantly affected by lowering temperature. LT50 in Kerman landrace was lower then Khorasan landrace and LT50 of second planting date was lower then first planting date in two landraces, and LT50 of crown was the lowest. According to the importance of the effect of cold injury on fennel, additional investigations are requested.
Keywords: Planting dates, Landrace, Membrane stability, LT50
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
587
593
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33105_66a76aa51f0f37eb0ea640572f19dabb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7951
Study on the Efficacy of Some Current Herbicides for Control of Resistant and Susceptible Canarygrass (Phalaris spp.) Biotypes to Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Inhibitors
E
Zand
-
author
M. A
Baghestani
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
M
Pourbaige
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
S
Soufizadeh
شهید بهشتی تهران
author
F
Bena Kashani
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
F
Dastaran
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
M. M
Khayami
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
M. R
Labbafi Hosseinabadi
موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted in the greenhouse facilities of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Tehran, to study the efficacy of some herbicides to control of resistant and susceptible P. minor and P. paradoxa biotypes. In each experiment, resistant and susceptible biotypes were treated separately by 19 herbicide treatments. Treatments included 10 ACCase inhibitors, 6 Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitors, prosulfocarb, flamprop-M-isopropyl, isoproturon plus diflufenican and a non-sprayed control. To evaluate the effects of treatments, different characteristics including percent damage based on EWRC scores at 15 and 30 days after spraying, percentage of survived plants after spraying relative to before spraying, and percentage of dry weight and wet weight of individual plants relative to control were studied. Results showed that the susceptible biotypes of P. minor were best controlled by clodinafop propargyl and pinoxaden at 450 ml/ha while pinoxaden at 450 ml/ha and cycloxydim were best options for control of the resistant biotype. Among ALS inhibitors, iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron could control susceptible and resistant biotypes of P. minor very effectively and semi-satisfactory, respectively. Iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron and sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron could remarkably reduce the wet weight of individual plants compared to control so that the plants were not damaging any more. Among other herbicides, isoproturon plus diflufenican could control the susceptible and resistant biotypes semi-satisfactory and very effectively, respectively.
Keywords: Herbicide resistance, ACCase inhibitors, ALS inhibitors
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
594
605
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33127_27221fb8387bd54cd23cff9ab9808054.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7952
Autotoxicity Effects of Water Extracts of Canola on Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Canola Varieties
F
Mondani
دانشگاه رازی
author
G
Ahmadvand
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
author
F
Gholzardi
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج
author
V
Sarabi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
S. M
Niroumand
دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Autotoxicity is injurious effects of a plant on itself via production and released diverse allelochemicals. In order to determine autotoxicity effects of water extract of canola residues on germination traits of two varieties: Elait and Golzard was investigated. Two factorial experiments based a completely randomized design with 3 replications were conducted separately. Treatments were 3 kinds of canola water extract (shoot, root and shoot plus root) and 5 concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage) of extracts. Each plot was a Petri-dish with 9 cm diameter and 3 cm depth. At the end of germination, germination inhibition percentage, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and seedling dry weight were determined according to ISTA standards. The results showed water extract of canola had difference autotoxicity effects on germination traits of canola varieties. Increasing concentration of extracts resulted to increased germination inhibition percentage (29.6 and 33.9) and decreased root length (63.3 and 73.8), shoot length (52.2 and 76.6), root dry weight (32.6 and 64.9), shoot dry weight (59.1 and 43.6) and the seedling dry weight (42.1 and 55.5), respectively. Germination traits of variety Golzard was more sensitive at canola extract. The water extract of root than shoot and shoot plus root had the most autotoxicity effects on germination and seedling growth of canola varieties.
Keywords: Autotoxicity, Canola, Germination properties
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
606
614
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33155_2ee22a50000489d3b2d3c5a938a6ca82.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7953
Salinity Effects on Germination Properties ofPurslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
M
Kafi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Z
Rahimi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to study seed germination and seedling growth responses of purslane to different levels of salinity, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized desgin with six levels of salinity (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 dS/m) using NaCl and five replications. Persentage and rate of germination, length and dry weight of radicle and plumule were measured, and ratio radicle to plumule length, mean germination time and seedling vigor index were calculated. The results showed that up to 28 dS/m salinity did not impose any significant different in germination percentage compared with control, but in 35 dS/m salinity it decreased to 19%. germination rate did not show any significant different up to 14 dS/m in comparison with control but beyond this level it significantly decreased with increasing salt stress. Mean germination time up to 21 dS/m did not have significant different in comparison with control, but increased with increasing salinity significantly. Length, fresh and dry weight of radicle and plumule, and seedling vigor index significantly decreased by increasing salinity. Ratio of radicle to plumule length decreased with increasing salt concentration, but there were not significant different among salt levels. According to the results, the germination stage of purslane is remarkably resistant to elevated levels of salinity and it seems that by exerting proper management in farms, it could be established in saline environments.
Keywords: Plumule, Radicle, Seedlings of purslane
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
615
621
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33169_35ee1daee64254eb70107a2451221b93.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7954
Effect of Plant Diversity on Diversity and Abundance of Arthropods in Winter Wheat Fields
A
Khodashenas
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان شمالی
author
A
Koocheki
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
H
Sadeghi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Plant biomass and diversity play an important role in enhancing of biodiversity of other trophic levels, specially arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to determine the effects of plants on diversity and abundance of arthropods, a study was carried out in three regions of Razavi and northern Khorasan provinces, Shirvan, Mashhad and Gonabad. In each region, high and low input fields of winter wheat and a natural system for comparison were selected. In ripening stage of wheat growth (90 stage of Zadoks), sampling was done by use of quadrate in each system with five replications. Plants in each quadrate were counted and species richness of plants was determined. Insect sampling was done by sweep net from surface of plants, then species richness and abundance of collected insects were determined. As a result, agricultural practices decreased plant species richness but diversity and abundance of insects and spiders increased in agricultural systems. Our finding revealed that abundance of insects and spiders were not affected by plant species richness and plant biomass was the main factor affecting on species richness and abundance of insects, spiders and beneficial insects. Therefore, decreasing plant species richness that arose from agricultural practices doesn’t effect on arthropods diversity and abundance and doesn’t decrease sustainability of agricultural systems. Irregular use of chemical inputs, specially pesticides, is the main factor to decreasing of plants and arthropods species richness in agricultural systems.
Keywords: Plant diversity, Arthropod diversity, Arthropod abundance, Plant-insect interactions, Agricultural systems
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
622
635
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33192_7cfb8fc8b8c1f6807bdcdba8ac20bcfe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7955
Effect of Nitrogen and Chlormequat Chloride on Grain Yield, Phytomass and Water Use Efficiency of Four Rainfed Wheat Cultivars
H.
Miranzadeh
دانشگاه شیراز
author
Y
Emam
Shiraz University
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
It appears that the risk of crop production under dry land conditions would be increased due to climate change in the next future decades. Recently, because of in most dryland regions, water use efficiency (WUE) is low due to undesirable production management. Water stress affects many physiological processes, involved in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield formation. In order to improve economy of water use, regulation of root and shoot growth is important. In this study effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth retardant (Chlormequat Chloride) on grain, phytomass yield and WUE of four rainfed wheat cultivars were examined in a field experiment during 2006-07 and 2007-08 growing seasons in College of Agriculture, Shiraz University located in Badjgah. The results showed that differences between cultivars for grain yield, phytomass and WUE were significant. Effects of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen on grain and phytomass yield were significant. In the first year the highest grain yield and phytomass production (192.4 and 431.2 g/m2, respectively) were obtained from Nicknejad cultivar, Chlormequat Chloride application and using 80 kg/ha nitrogen, and in the second years from Azar-2 cultivar (121.5 and 333.5 g/m2, respectively). Chlormequat chloride and nitrogen had significant effects on WUE in both years. Interaction of chlormequat chloride and 80 kg/ha nitrogen application in both years on WUE were significant (0.95 and 2.35 g/m2/mm, respectively). It appeared that nitrogen and chlormequat chloride application with increase root expansion and proliferation improved soil water uptake. It might be recommended that selecting resistant cultivars to later season drought stress, together with application of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen fertilizer have beneficial effects on increase of WUE of rainfall and could improve wheat grain yield under rainfed conditions.
Keywords: Dryland Wheat Cultivars, Plant Growth Retardant, WUE, Drought Stress, Grain Yield
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
636
645
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33213_b6fdaeb0699921c11218a79cf900eb2d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7956
Evaluation of Spatial Distribution Pattern and Weed Dynamics in a Wheat Field
A
Bagheri
author
M.H
Rashed Mohasel
Department of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Crop type and management practices during rotation influence the spatial distribution and dynamics of weeds. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the spatial distribution pattern and weed dynamics in Astane Ghodse Razavi experimental field. One hectare size field with Alfalfa- Fallow- Wheat rotation was selected, sampling was carried out by discrete systematic method in which the samples were taken from the intersection of 7 m* 7m grids using 0.5 * 0.5 m quadrates in three stages, pre chemical control, post chemical control and pre harvesting. Totally 24 species were collected and identified from 195 sampling points. At the beginning of the growth season Fumaria vaillantti and Polygonum aviculare were dominant species but gradually perennials such as Convovulus arvensis and Circium arvensis dominated. Meanwhile, the importance of some dominant annual species of the early season such as Fumaria vaillantti were reduced. In order to describe the spatial distribution of weeds within the farm, the species variogram in each stage was calculated. Variogram parameters were differed from each other due to the diversity of species and the stages of sampling. The minimum and maximum of nugget effect for current species in first and second stages of sampling was 0.6 and 1.001, respectively. The range of weeds in the field varied between 3.6 – 93.48m. The variogram parameters were used in Kriging and weeds' spatial distribution maps were drawn. Generally it could be conclude that the type of crops in rotation and cultural operation affects dynamics of the weeds. On the other hand, the maps showed the patch distribution, lead us toward using site specific weed management.
Keywords: Spatial distribution, Discrete sampling, Variogram, Weed mapping
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
646
657
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33243_39b824aeaa4fe9593c79a5482d1d7bf7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7957
Response of Lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) Genotypes Growth to Planting Date, and Weed Interference
S. K
Mousavi
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Growth response to sowing date and weed interference among lentil varieties was investigated in dryland situation of Khorramabad during 2005-2006 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with 4 replications. The experiment had 3 factors: weed interference at 2 levels (weed free, and weed infested throughout the total growing season), planting date at 3 levels (autumn, winter, and spring) and lentil varieties at 3 levels (Gachsaran, Flip 92-12L, and Lorestan landrace). Overall, weeding increased lentil yield by 46 percent. Based on sigmoid equations, maximum dry matter of lentil in autumn crop was 24.7 and 300.4% more than the potential of winter and spring crops, respectively. Maximum dry matter per plant for autumn lentil was 4 times more than that estimated for spring crop. Autumn and winter cultivations, respectively, with average yield of 1486 and 1161 kg/ha, had four and three times higher performance over the spring cultivation. Reproductive period (flowering to maturity) for the autumn planting was more than three times the cultivation of spring. Accordingly, shorter growth period resulted in less dry matter accumulation and declined grain yield.
Keywords: Lentil, Planting date, Crop variety, Weed competition
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
658
667
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33261_ff5b3736c54b3a0ae4f030d5a3663bbd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7958
Residual Effect of Chemical and Animal Fertilizers and Compost on Yield, YieldComponents, Physiological Characteristics and Essential Oil Content of Matricaria chamomilla L. under Drought Stress conditions
A
Ahmadian
دانشگاه زابل
author
A
Ghanbari
دانشگاه زابل
author
B
Siahsar
دانشگاه زابل
author
M
Heidari
دانشگاه زابل
author
M
Ramroudi
دانشگاه زابل
author
S. M
Moosavi-Nik
دانشگاه زابل
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
The residual effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers on growth and yield of plants is one of the important problems in nutrition. This study was conducted to determine the residual effect of different fertilizers on yield, yield components, physiological parameters and essential oil percentage of Matricaria chamomilla under drought stress. A split plot arrangement based on randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replication was conducted in 2009, at the University of Zabol. Treatments included W1 (non stress), W2 (75% FC) and W3 (50% FC) as main plot and three types of residual’s fertilizers: F1 (non fertilizer), F2 (chemical fertilizer), F3 (manure fertilizer) and F4 (compost) as sub plot. Results showed that water stress at W3 treatment reduced dry flower yield. Low water stress increased essential oil percentage and the highest oil was obtained in W2. In this experiment, free proline and total soluble carbohydrate concentration were increased under water stress. The residual’s manure and compost enhanced flower yield, percentage and yield of essential oil of chamomile at the second year. At a glance, animal manure application and light water stress (75% FC) was recommended to obtain best quantitative and qualitative yield.
Keywords: Water Stress, Fertilizer, Carbohydrate, Proline, Chamomile
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
668
676
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33288_66aff89e5706f4b4a51b5a4b611badc8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7959
Allelopathic Effects of Four Chickpea Cultivars on Vegetative Growth of Sunflower and Corn under Controlled Conditions
K
Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
E
Kazerooni monfared
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
S
Tokasi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
M.H
Rashed Mohasel
Department of Agrotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to study the effects of four chickpea cultivar (Cicer arietinum L.) on vegetative growth of sunflower (Helianthus annus) and corn (Zea mays), two separate experiments was conducted at Research Greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2005. Experiments were done in a factorial arrangement of treatments with two factors based on completely randomized design with 4 replications. Factors included chickpea cultivars (Karag12-60-31, Filip 84-482, Gam, ILC 482, and no residue control) and planting date of corn and sunflowers within root residues of chick pea (seeds planted simultaneously, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after harvesting of chickpea shoots). Seeds of corn and sunflower were planted within root residues of chickpea. Results showed that root residues of chickpea cultivars influenced height and shoot weight of sunflower significantly. The lowest sunflower height was obtained when they were planted within root residues of Flip and ILC cultivars, which decreased 13.7 and 11.1% relative to control, respectively. Planting date of sunflower within root residues of chick pea cultivars had a significant effect on sunflower leaf area, shoot weight, and its root/shoot ratio. So that, lowest leaf area, shoot weight, and also highest root/shoot ratio was obtained in third planting date. Results showed that lowest plant height, leaf area, root weight, shoot weight, and also highest root/shoot ratio of corn (6 weeks after planting) was obtained after planting within chickpea cultivars, Gam and ILC. Also the effect of corn planting date was significant. The lowest root and shoot weight, and root/shoot ratio of corn was obtained in the earliest corn planting date. Therefore, corn plants showed more sensitive than sunflower after planting within chickpea cultivars, and the highest inhibitory effects resulted in the earliest corn planting date.
Keywords: Pea cultivars, Integrated management, Crop rotation
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
677
685
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33313_714e5874a593f69908aa52eb7816901b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7960
Response of Safflower (Cartharrus tinectorius L.) to Sowing Dates in Khorramabad Climatic Conditions
M
Sayyahfar
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان
author
F
Moaiedi
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خرم آباد
author
S. K
Mousavi
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان
author
E
Zeidali
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response of safflower (Cartharrus tinectorius L.) to sowing dates in rainfed farming conditions, an experiment was carried out in Khorramabad, Lorestan, during 2004-2006. The experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Main plot were consisted of 2 cultivars (local Esfahan, and Zarghan) and 8 sowing dates (5 November, 25 November, 15 December, 4 January, 24 January, 13 February, 5 March, 25 March) were allocated to subplots. Combined analysis of variance results showed that Esfahan local cultivar with seed yield of 1834 kg/ha, harvest index of 27.7%, 1000 seeds weight of 40.3 g, 16.9 capitoles per plant, 30.4 seeds per capitole, oil percent of 28.9, and oil yield of 532.3 kg/ha had a significant superiority over Zarghan cultivar. Sowing date had a significant effect on all studied traits with the exception of seed oil content. The highest level of seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, heads per plant, seeds per head, 1000 seeds weight, and oil yield was achieved in the November fifth, sowing date, and the least of this traits were obtained in 25 March sowing date. Autumn sowing dates had superiority over spring sowing dates for yield and other studied traits, and the optimum sowing date for autumn and spring cultivation were 5 November, and 5 March, respectively.
Keywords: Safflower, Sowing date, Yield, Rainfed, Variety
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
686
697
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33337_ba650e20733fc8986064ef18eaf72bef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7961
Modeling Short-Range Soil Variability and its Potential Use in Variable-Rate Treatment of Experimental Plots
A
Moameni
مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
author
A
Mosavati
مرکز تحقیفات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان
گلستان
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In Iran, the experimental plots under fertilizer trials are managed in such a way that the whole plot area uniformly receives agricultural inputs. This could lead to biased research results and hence to suppressing of the efforts made by the researchers. This research was conducted in a selected site belonging to the Gonbad Agricultural Research Station, located in the semiarid region, northeastern Iran. The aim was to characterize the short-range spatial variability of the inherent and management-depended soil properties and to determine if this variation is large and can be managed at practical scales. The soils were sampled using a grid 55 m apart. In total, 100 composite soil samples were collected from topsoil (0-30 cm) and were analyzed for calcium carbonate equivalent, organic carbon, clay, available phosphorus, available potassium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese. Descriptive statistics were applied to check data trends. Geostatistical analysis was applied to variography, model fitting and contour mapping. Sampling at 55 m made it possible to split the area of the selected experimental plot into relatively uniform areas that allow application of agricultural inputs with variable rates.
Keywords: Short-range soil variability, Within-field soil variability, Interpolation, Precision agriculture, Geostatistics
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
698
707
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33345_8a1eb986d6501f907a8ee8f6c2225e15.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7962
Effect of Nitrogen and Intercropping Ratios on Grain Yield and Some Morphological Traits of Corn and Sunflower in North Khouzestan
S.N
Mosavian
دانشگاه پیام نور استان خوزستان
author
Sh
Lorzadeh
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شوشتر
author
F
Ebrahimpour
دانشگاه پیام نور استان خوزستان
author
A
Chaab
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
In order to study the effect various nitrogen and intercropping ratios on grain yield and some morphological traits of corn (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar (Khouzestan), in 2006. The split-plot set of treatments was arranged within a randomized complete block with three replicates. Treatments were various nitrogen rates (50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) as main-plots and different ratios of intercropping corn and sunflower (pure stand of corn, intercrop 75% corn plus 25% sunflower, 50% corn plus 50% sunflower, 25% corn plus 75% sunflower and pure stand of sunflower) in sub-plots. The results showed that the lowest and the highest grain yield were specified for corn (980 and 1225 g m-2), and for sunflower (346 and 387 g m-2) at 50 and 150 kg N ha-1, respectively. While in intercropping the highest and the lowest grain yield of corn were obtained in pure stand (1265 g m-2), and in 25% corn plus 75% sunflower ratio (957 g m-2). This was also valid for sunflower and resulted in decrease of grain yield of sunflower in 75% corn:25% sunflower intercrop. The oil percent of sunflower increased with decreasing sunflower proportion in intercropping. In addition increasing nitrogen levels resulted to increased land equivalent ratio (LER). So the highest (1.7) and the lowest (1.4) LER based on grain yield was achieved in 25% corn:75% sunflower and 50% corn:50% sunflower intercrops, respectively where 150 kg N ha-1 was applied.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
708
716
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33362_7f0fd2e1791b892598a6553376b7cfd9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7964
Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization in Grain Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (underNormal and Water Stress Conditions
S. A
Beheshti
author
B
Behbodifard
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
Production, remobilization and accumulation of assimilates in crops especially under water stress are essential factors for determination and studying the yield differences of species and cultivars. Field experiment was conducted using a split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replication s during 2007 growing season in agricultural research station (Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Mashhad-Iran). Main plots were consisted of 2 levels of water, water deficit after anthesis and normal condition (with out water stress) and factorial arrangement of photosynthesis status (non desiccation and chemical desiccation with potassium iodide) and 3 grain sorghum genotypes (Sepide, M5 and M2 promising lines) were assigned to sub plots. Results of variance analysis showed, that the effects of water stress on dry matter accumulation, efficiency of remobilization (REE), percent of remobilization (REP), biologic yield were significant in (p≤0.01 (and grain yield (economic yield) was significant in) p≤0.05), respectively. Water deficit caused an increase of 10.08%, 24.45 % and 12.43% in dry matter accumulation, percent of remobilization and efficiency of remobilization, respectively as compared to normal conditions. This in turn was led to decrease in seed yield, biological yield and harvest index by 36.38%, 5.43% and 31.60%, respectively. The effect of disturbance in current photosynthesis was significant in all of traits and caused the increase of 15.58%, 17.5% and 36.62% in dry matter accumulation, efficiency of remobilization and percent of remobilization, respectively. The role of remobilization was crucial in sorghum genotypes. Interaction between factors showed that highest dry matter accumulation, percentage of remobilization and efficiency of remobilization was in drought stress and disturbance in current photosynthesis and was 16.62%, 62.54 and 24.60%, respectively and was significantly different from other treatments. Genotypes showed significant influence on percent of remobilization and efficiency of remobilization and M5 genotypes had the highest percent for all traits. The results of correlation analysis showed positive and significant correlation between dry matter accumulation and percent of remobilization (r=0.722, p< 0.01), efficiency of remobilization (r=0.911, p< 0.01) and biological yield (r= 0.534, p< 0.05).
Keywords: Water deficit, Current photosynthesis, Efficiency of remobilization
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
717
725
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33388_98e76e3eab9d130f01214978b5e37902.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7966
The Effects of Time of Manure Application and Different Biological Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Cucurbita pepo L.
M
Jahan
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
M. D
Salari
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
R
Ghorbani
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2010
per
Abstract
To study the response of summer squash as a medicinal plant, two manure application time and utilization of different biofertilizers, split plot arrangement of factors based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used in 2008-09 growing season. Two manure application time (autumn and spring) were allocated to main plots and four biofertilizers including 1- Nitragin (containing Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp.), 2- phosphate solubilizing bacteria PSB (containing Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.), 3- Nitragin+PSB, 4-control, were assigned to sub plots. The results showed the significant effect of spring manure application on fruit and seed yield. Nitragin increased fruit and seed yield, significantly. The superiority of spring manure application was revealed on seed and fruit number. A positive correlation (R2 = 0.92) was found between fruit and seed yield with a linear trend in the range of 10 to 20 t ha-1 and leveling off at the above 20 t ha-1 fruit yields. The seed oil and protein content were not affected by treatments, however, the biofertilizers increased oil and protein yield compared to control. At a glance, the biofertilizers could be an appropriate alternative for chemical fertilizers to achieve ecological production of summer squash.
Keywords: Schneider Squash, Biofertilizers, Seed yield, Seed oil
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
8
v.
4
no.
2010
726
737
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_33400_3642aa0ea360772eca6f99e34c07af2f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i4.7967