Critical Period of Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.)
R
Alizadeh
author
M. R
Tareghiyan
author
S
Mahmoodi
author
R
Tabatabai
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to determine the critical peroid of weed control (CPWC) in grain maize, a field study was conducted
in 2008 in Agricultural Research Station of Esfahan province using a randomized complete block design with 12
treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of two different periods of weed interference, a
critical weed-free period and a critical time of weed removal were imposed at V3, V6, V9, V12, and R1 (based on
phenological stages of corn development) with a weedy check and a weed-free check. The CPWC was
determined by fitting non-linear regression models of logistic and gompertz equations to the data in range of 2.5,
5, 10 and 15% of acceptable yield loss levels. The CPWC was from 1- to 13-leaf stage (2-54 DAE), 3- to 11-leaf
stage (10-46 DAE), 5- to 8-leaf stage (20-35 DAE) and 6-leaf stage (27 DAE) in Esfahan condition to prevent
yield losses of 2.5%, 5% , 10% and 15% respectively.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
591
597
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34863_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13220
Effect of Amount and Time of Phosphorus Foliar Application on Fertility and
E
Sahrai
author
S. V
Eslami
University of Birjand
author
M
Jami Al-Ahmadi
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to evaluate effects of different amounts and timing of foliar phosphorus applications on spikelets
fertility and number and weight of kernels, an experiment based on RCBD was performed with four replications
in Agricultural Research Farm, University of Birjand. Treatments were different amounts of foliar phosphorus
levels [including control (distilled water), 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg ha-1 KH2PO4], and different times of application (at
two nodes, heading, and end of flowering). Results showed that foliar phosphorus application significantly
influenced kernel number per spike, so that increasing phosphorus fertilizer amounts led to increased kernels in
spike. Indeed, higher P applications resulted in fertilization and grain set in the uppermost spikelets. The heading
stage was appeared to be the best time for foliar P application, leading to more grain set in spike, especially in
terminal spikelets. Results showed that foliar P application influenced total grain weight per spike and spikelets
significantly, as increasing of P fertilizer amounts led to increased grain weight in spike and spikelets.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
598
605
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34871_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13237
Effect of Salicylic Acid Priming on Some Morpho-physiologic Characteristics
A
Pak mehr
author
M
Rastgoo
author
F
Shekari
author
J
Saba
author
I
Zangani
author
text
article
2011
per
Effects of seed priming by salicylic acid on some morpho-physiologic characteristics and yield of cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivar “Parastou” was investigated under water deficit. Experiment was conducted as a
split block design with 3 replications in 2008-2009 at Research Farm of Zanjan University. Factors were
including drought stress as a main factor in 2 levels (irrigation, water deficit at flowering stage) and priming with
salicylic acid rates as a sub factor (0, 900, 1800, 2700, 3600μM). Analysis of variance showed that irrigation had
a significant effect on all characteristic except plant height but effect of salicylic acid was significant on all
characteristic. Mean comparison showed that relative water content, biomass and seed yield decreased in water
deficit condition compared with irrigation condition, whereas proline content and leaf soluble carbohydrate
content increased under water deficit. These traits increased in seeds priming with salicylic acid except leaf
soluble carbohydrate content compared with untreated seeds. Seeds priming with 2700μM salicylic acid had
more proline content, so cell structures such as plasma lemma unaffected and increased relative water content.
As a result, the resulting plants had better growth and prevented the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates and
then increased biomass and seed yield in both irrigation and water deficit conditions. Also between these traits
with grain yield there was a high correlation that finally to lead that seed priming with 2700 μM salicylic acid
have highest seed yield (4424 and 3437kg.ha-1) in regular irrigation and water deficit, respectively).
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
606
614
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34890_9d960699927a3ccc2525146156504904.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13238
Investigation of Possible Production of Oil and Biomass in Biosaline Agriculture
J
Nabati
author
M
Kafi
author
A
Nezami
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
A
Masoumi
author
M
Zare Mehrjerdi
author
text
article
2011
per
Production of halophytes using saline water and soils in biosaline agriculture is an approach to exploit of
untraditional resources in order to food security, without any negative effect on production of conventional
crops. Halophytes are capable for using as forage crop, medicinal plant and oil seed crops. Therefore, to study
the possibility of oil production by kochia under saline conditions, an experiment was carried out in Salinity
Research Station of Agricultural Collage Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Three populations of Kochia,
including the Birjand, Borojerd and Sabzevar ecotypes, were irrigated with ground water having electrical
conductivity (EC) of 5.2, 10.5 and 23.1 dS m-1. Salinity levels imposed no significant affect on all traits except
seed yield, harvest index and weight of 1000 seeds. However, increase salinity up to 10.5 dS m-1 did not
markedly decreased seed yield. There were no significant differences between ecotypes. Kochia produced 2.15
ton seed per hectare and showed 22% harvest index. Effect of salinity levels on yield and content of oil was not
significant. Production of 10% and 213 kg.h-1 oil by Kochia at high salinity conditions that conventional crops
cannot survive, indicated the ability of Kochia for oil seed in biosaline agriculture.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
615
622
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34905_078e2d747131e5ee04fdb37c0a55a75c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13240
Assessment the Effect of Organic Fertilizers, Biofertilizers and Chemical
A. H
Saeednejad
author
P
Rezvani Moghaddam
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
H. R
Khazaei
author
M
Nasiri mahalati
author
text
article
2011
per
Quality is one of the most important factors on forage production. In order to evaluate the effect of organic
fertilizers, biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on forage quality of Sorghum, a field experiment was
conducted in Farm Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the year
2008. Treatments were 1- seed inoculation with the combination of Azotobacter and Azospirillum 2- Compost
(15 t/h) 3- Vermicompost (10 t/h). 4-seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum and compost (15t/h)
5- seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum and Vermicompost(10t/h) 6- seed inoculation with
Pseudomonas flurescence 7- seed inoculation with Pseudomonas flurescence and Azotobacter and Azospirillum
combination 8- seed inoculation with Pseudomonas flurescence and compost(15t/h) 9- chemical fertilizer (80
kg/h urea fertilizer and 50 kg/h phosphate fertilizer) 10- control. A randomized complete block design with 10
treatments and 3 replications was used. The studied quality factors were Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD),
Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), D-Value, Ash percentage and Crude Protein (CP). Harvesting was
performed in 2 cuts. Results of the experiment indicated that DMD, AMD, D-Value and Ash percentage were
not affected by the treatments. The highest and the lowest amount of DMD obtained in combined treatment of
compost and pseudomonas and chemical fertilizers in two cuts, respectively. Protein content of forage was
significantly affected by the treatments. Combined treatment of Azotobacter and vermicompost had the highest
amount of crude protein (115.78 g/kg) and pseudomonas treatment had the lowest (92.65 g/kg) on first cut. On
second cut, Azotobacter and vermicompost treatment and control treatment had the highest (117.14 g/kg) and he
lowest (85.63 g/kg) crude protein content, respectively. Amount of CP in chemical fertilizers treatment was
highly decreased on second cut. In general, results of this experiment showed that organic fertilizers,
biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers has a little effect on DMD, OMD, D-Value and Ash percentage, but has a
great effect on Crude Protein content of forage and can increase the forage quality in this way.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
623
630
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34914_c8b783fb0a30d60bbf78d73bb3e1021b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13241
Evaluation of Oxygen Deficit Stress on Germination Indicators and Seedling
F
Hoseini
author
S. A
Siadat
author
A
Bakhshandeh
author
A
Chaab
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین
author
text
article
2011
per
To investigate the relationship oxygen deficit stress on germination indicators and seedling growth of five
wheat cultivars in laboratory condition, an experiment with Randomized Complete Block design in factorial
arrangement with three replications was conducted in 2008. The treatments consisted of five wheat cultivars
(Chamran, Flat, Roshan, Stare and Shole) as A factor, and two oxygen level (normal seed and seed under oxygen
deficit stress conditions) as B factor in each of these figures was done. Results showed that oxygen deficit stress
caused to decrease for various cultivars germination percentage, germination rate, allometric coefficient, seed
vigor index and other germination indicators. Therefore, this test as a suitable method for determining the quality
of various seed lot can be used in the water logging condition. In addition, among different cultivars
characterized that Roshan cultivar was more resistant to oxygen deficit stress than Chamran, Flat and Star
cultivars. Although Chamran cultivar is common cultivar in Khouzestan, but of look most germination indicators
arranged as weak seed class. The highest correlation coefficients among the tested cultivars have been related to
seed vigor with seedling length and dry weight of radicle with seedling with 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
631
638
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34931_eeb5706608f4570b772e1d0b39162a4e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13242
Selection for Yield Improvement Using of Multivariate Statistical Methods
H
Sabouri
author
Gh
Mohammadinejad
author
M
Fazlalipour
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to providing selection indices using of heritability and correlation of effective traits on grain yield
and multiple regression an experiment was conducted by 265 F3 families as well as parents and F1 related to
Gharib × Khazar population in 2009 at Gonbad Kavous University fields. Days to ripening (0.97) and panicle
number and flag leaf length (0.66) had maximum and minimum heritability, respectively. Positive and
significant correlations were detected between plant yield and flag leaf width (0.265**), plant height (0.193**),
panicle number (0.734**) and biomass (0.828**). Biomass, days to heading and plant height were explained about
98% of total variation of yield and inserted to model respectively. Different combination of phenotypic and
genotypic correlations, genetic and phenotypic direct effect in path analysis and heritability with and without
yield were used for construct selection vectors. According to this study, increasing of traits is not result of
relative efficiency and other comparing parameters. Selection indices were showed that yield, significant genetic
correlation with yield and high heritability are three important part of selection index.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
639
650
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34947_13384cfc11eeb807ab5d86e60eca5cd3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13259
Assessment of Seed Germination and Dormancy of Thirty Seeds Lots of
H. R
Ehyaee
author
M
Khajeh Hosseini
author
text
article
2011
per
Most seeds of medicinal plants due to ecological adaptation to environmental conditions have several types
of dormancy. Hence, it's necessary to recognize ecological factors that affect dormancy and provide optimum
conditions for germination in medicinal plant species. Thirty seed lots were used to estimate germination and
dormancy of medicinal plants. Treatments were KNO3, (2%) and scarification of seeds by sand paper,
hypochlorite sodium and removing the seed coat with four replicates of 25 seeds. Maximum and minimum
germination observed in H2O for Digitalis purpure 100% and Saponaria officinalis 0%. In KNO3 treatment,
Portulaca oleracea had the highest germination of 91% and Hyocyamus niger had no any germinated seeds. In
sand paper treatment, the Saponaria officinalis and Datura stramonium had maximum, 33% and minimum 0%
germination respectively.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
651
658
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34957_57aa8eabb8a58d339070cc2f183e0d76.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13260
Yield and Yield Components of Winter Canola (Brassica napus L.) Affected by
M
AghaAlikhani
author
S. R
Yaghoubi
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to determine the critical period of weed control and investigation the effect of periodical control and
interference of weeds natural population on yield and yield components of winter canola (Brassica napus L. cv.
Okapi) in west region of Tehran an experiment was carried out at research field of Tarbiat Modarres University,
Tehran, Iran on 2004-5 growing season. Fourteen experimental treatments which divided into two sets were
arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. In the first set, the crop was kept weedfree
from canola emergence time to two-leaf stage (V2), four-leaf stage (V4), six-leaf stage (V6), eight-leaf stage
(V8), initiation of flowering (If), %50 of pod set (%50Ps) and final harvest (H). In the second set of treatments,
weeds were permitted to grow with the crop until above mentioned stages and then related plots kept weed free
till end of season. Furthermore two additional treatments known as whole season control and whole season weed
infested were established. At mentioned phonological stages in interference treatments weeds were removed,
separated to species and measured for dry weight. Also during canola growth season trend of plant height and
dry matter distribution were studied. At the end of season canola grain yield and yield components were
determined. Results showed that extending interference duration and limiting weed control duration significantly
decreased all canola yield components except 1000 grain weight .Furthermore extended weed interference
duration up to canola 4-leaf stage decreased %20-70 of grain yield in compare to whole season control. Delayed
weed control up to early rosette stage creates decreasing trend in canola grain yield. According to Gompertz and
Logistic equations, critical period of weed control in canola was estimated between 25-70 days after emergence
of canola.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
659
669
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34972_3cd0eb0f1ef38a78c75fd4c3b59b1b3b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13261
Effect of Drought Stress and Municipal Compost on quantitive and Qualitive
M
Forouzandeh
author
A
Sirousmehr
author
A
Ghanbari
author
M. R
Asgharipour
University of Zabol
author
I
Khammari
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to study the effects of drought stress and municipal compost on quantitive characteristics in
peppermint , a green house experiment in a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four
replications was conducted in 2009 at University of Zabol. Treatments included: three irrigation levels %100
field capacity(control),%80 field capacity(mild stress) and %60 field capacity(severe stress) and four levels of
municipal compost: control(no chemical fertilizer and compost), T1:10, T2:20 and T3:30 tons per hectare.
Results showed that increasing of the municipal compost levels improved significantly the dry and fresh yield,
plant height, tiller number, root dry and fresh weight, essential oil percentage and yield of essential oil .Effects of
different levels of irrigation with superior control(no stress), was significant in all traits. According to the results
achived maximum dry matter(4.51 g/pot) and essential oil yield (8.42 mg/pot) to produced proper at treatment 30
ton per hectare municipal compost and non-stress conditions.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
670
677
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_34991_f717e0aa95cc133b6146627d0e5c55e9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13262
Seed Quality Properties of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Response to
I
Niromand Tomaj
author
M
Jami Al-Ahmadi
author
A
Riasi
author
Gh
Zamani
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to evaluate effects of plant density and planting date on quality properties of grass pea (Lathyrus
sativus L.), a factorial experiment was conducted during 2008, based on complete randomized block design with
four replications in Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. Plants
were planted at March 5 and 20, and Apr 3, with 30, 40, 50 and 60 pl m-2. Delaying in planting and/or increasing
plant density caused protein content per grain dry matter to be reduced. There was a negative correlation
between grain protein percentage and grain ash content. The highest grain ash percentage (4.3%) was observed
in the last planting date. Tannin content reduced significantly with delaying in planting date, from 0.32% in
March 5 to 0.14% in Apr 3planting dates, and showed a negative correlation with ash content. Seed energy
content also was reduced with delaying in planting date and/or increasing in density, and showed a positive
correlation with seed protein percentage. It seems early planting of grass pea with a density of 40-50 pl m-2
results in a high quality seed yield.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
678
684
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35015_27fb0228dd984ed2eb21e6ef16099003.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13263
Assessment of Corn Densities on Ecological Indices of Weed Species
Gh
Mahmoudi
author
A
Ghanbari
author
A
Mohammadabadi
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2011
per
Diversity, dominance, and stability of weeds are the most important ecological properties in agricultural
systems, which influenced by management factors such as crop density, abundantly. This experiment was
conducted in 2009 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Research Field. The experimental design was interval
mapping with four levels of corn densities (5, 6, 7 and 9 plant.m-2) and four levels of weed control (full-control,
without control, broad-leaves control and grasses control). Weed sampling was done at 3 stages included
beginning and end of critical period weed control and harvesting time. The results showed that the effect of plant
density on species diversity was significant; some how the amount of Shanon and Simpson Indices were lowest
in the 9 plant.m-2 (0.39 and 0.45, respectively) and greatest in 5 plant.m-2 (0.84). The results also showed that the
maximum amount of dominance index was observed in 9 plant.m-2, that was seen in Echinochloa crus- galli and
Convulvulus arvensis at the beginning of growing season, then in Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus retroflexus
in the end of growing season. The amount of community dominance index in 9 plant.m-2 was higher than other
densities, and it decreased with decline of densities. based on the results of present experiment the linear
relationship between plant species and area was found. The calculated amount of Alpha and Beta diversities. in a
θ and β scales based on coefficients of this relationship were 0.534 (four species per unit area) and 0.29 (two
species per unit area), respectively. In conclusion the result of this experiment pointed that the weeds diversity
decreased with increasing of corn density, weed diversity decreased and therefore, having appropriate plant
density is very efficient for sustainable weed management.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
685
693
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35036_46fddce3e3bab7dd946ccf99ac370b32.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13276
Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Iranian Rice Genotypes on the Base of Tolerance
Sh
Mirdar Mansuri
author
N. A
Babaeian Jelodar
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
N. A
Bagheri
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
text
article
2011
per
In this study, 40 genotypes and breeding lines in the vegetative stage was conducted in a factorial
arrangement based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications in greenhouse at Sari University
Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Iran, 2008. Seventeen genotypes were selected and tested in seedling
stage in 2009. The results showed that genotypes had significant difference for all traits. GMP and STI were
suitable indices to ensure good stability and performance evaluation of genotypes in stress conditions. Results of
correlation analysis showed that MP, GMP, MH and STI had high significantly with yield in non stress and
stress conditions. Factor analysis showed that 4 factors explain 86.89% of variation in seedling stage.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
694
703
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35050_418d83c2e65b369df1dbc092caa7f489.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13278
Evaluation of empirical models and competition indices in ranking canola
A. S
Safahani
author
R
Farhoudi
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to evaluate the competitive ability (CA) of canola cultivars against wild mustard, two experiments
were conducted at the Gorgan Institute in Iran during the 2005-2007 cropping seasons. The experimental factors
were canola cultivars (1st year: Zarfam, Option500, Hayola330, Hayola401, Talayh, RGS003 and Sarigol; 2nd
year: Zarfam, Hayola330, RGS003 and Option500) and weed density (1st year: control and 30 plants m-2; 2nd
year: control, 4, 8 and 16 plants m-2). The result of the first year is experiment indicated that the grain yield and
competitive indices differed significantly between the cultivars. Cultivar Zarfam showed a high ability to
withstand competition (AWC = 47 %), high competitive indices (CI=1.79 and CI2 = 1.83) and low grain yield in
the weed- free plots (1729 kg ha-1). The cultivar Option500, a less competitive cultivar had the lowest ability to
withstand competition (AWC = 4 %) and the lowest competitive indices (CI = 0.09 and CI2= 0.11) amongst the
cultivars. However, the cultivar Option500 showed more grain yield in the weed- free plots (2333 kg ha-1) than
cultivar Zarfam. In the second year of the experiment, the result of the yield loss models showed that the lowest
and highest yield loss belonged to cultivars Zarfam and Option500 (50 and 95 % respectively). A comparison of
different empirical models revealed that the empirical yield loss model based on weed relative leaf area was
more reliable for predicting canola yield loss according to a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.99). The
relative damage coefficient (q) of the weed relative leaf area model showed that wild mustard was more
competitive than canola (q>1).
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
704
715
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35056_bcb6ec8a351d3d382708c07cd51b35e9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13281
Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Application Method on Grain Yield and Yield
Sh
Babazadeh
author
M
Kavoosi
author
M
Esfandiari
author
M
Nahvi
author
M
Allahgholipour
Research Associate Professor, Department of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
author
text
article
2011
per
Proper application of N fertilizer and its optimization for increasing the economic yield of rice is definitely
important. In order to determine the best N application method and amount according to growth stages of hybrid
rice, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of RRII in a factorial experiment based on a
randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments included 6 application methods as follow:
total nitrogen at transplanting stage ,50% at transplanting stage +50% at early tillering , 50% at transplanting
stage +50% at panicle initiation , 50% at transplanting stage +25% at maximum tillering +25% at booting ,34%
at transplanting stage + 33% at early tillering + 33% at booting and 70% at transplanting + 30% at panicle
initiation. 3 levels of nitrogen (90,120 and 150 kg/ha) from urea source were also used. Recorded traits were
grain yield and yield component. Results showed the significant interactions between split methods and N rates
on yield, flag leaf area, filled and unfilled grain number per panicle and percentage fertility (p
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
728
734
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35068_13e004023f8253d0449367993d01ca80.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13284
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Grain Sorghum Genotypes ( Sorghum
S. A
Beheshti
author
S. M
Sarvari
author
text
article
2011
per
Evaluation of drought stress tolerance in sorghum genotypes at different growth stages and severity of stress
and their reaction is very important in breeding programs. This study was conducted with the 13 grain sorghum
genotypes in 3 different environmental conditions including normal condition and two water deficit conditions at
vegetative and reproductive stages using randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Genotypes
grouping were performed based on tolerance and sensitivity indices by cluster analysis. There was a positive and
significant correlation between grain yield with tolerance indices (MP, GMP and STI) and sensitivity indices
(SSI and TOL) in both normal and two water deficit conditions. The results showed that STI, GMP and MP
indices were the best indices for evaluation of genotypes response in drought stress conditions. Cluster analysis
showed that B26 genotype and M2 promising line had the most grain yield and higher values of STI ،GMP and
MP indices in both normal and stress conditions and they grouped in the same cluster.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
735
744
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35078_ff42cb803d4044316c651135e344a292.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13286
Effect of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) Competition and Nitrogen Levels on
F
Soleymani
author
G
Ahmadvand
بوعلی سینا
author
B
Saadatian
author
text
article
2011
per
To investigate the effect of wild mustard plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characters,
yield and yield components of canola a split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with
3 replications was carried out in Bu-Ali Sina university of Hamedan, in 2009. 4 levels of nitrogen fertilization
(100, 150, 200 and 250 kgN h-1) were assigned to main-plots and plant density of wild mustard at 5 levels (0, 4,
8, 16 and 32 plants m-2) to the sub-plots. Results showed that the effects of wild mustard competition on yield
and components of canola was significant. 32 plants m-2 of wild mustard reduced grain and biologic yield,
number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod and 1000seed weight about 28.7, 30, 40.9, 22.2 and 16 percent
respectively. With more nitrogen application, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, 1000seed weight
and grain yield was increased. By increasing nitrogen from 100 to 250 kg ha-1, grain yield was increased more
than 53 percent. Increasing density of wild mustard significantly reduced all above mentioned morphological and
qualitative characters, except protein percentage. By increasing nitrogen fertilizer, plant height, number of
branches per plant, pod length, oil yield and protein percentage of canola were increased significantly. Overall
nevertheless negative effect of weed on canola yield, seems that the application 200 kgN/ha in addition to
increasing grain yield and canola oil, had less decline in weed interference.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
745
757
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35085_e1c2a4424e4b4ea71fe3d622df9821e0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13291
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Stem Reserves Utilization of Promising
M
Ezzat Ahmadi
author
Gh
Nourmohammadi
Islamic Azad University, Tehran
author
M
Ghodsi
author
M
Kafi
author
text
article
2011
per
In order to evaluate drought tolerance of wheat genotypes, a field experiment was carried out using a split
split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Torogh Agricultural and
Natural Resources Research Station (Mashhad, Iran) in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. Main plots were assigned to
two levels of water stress treatments; D1: optimum irrigation, and D2: cessation of watering from anthesis to
maturity stages. Sub plots were assigned to eight bread wheat genotypes: 9103, 9116, 9203, 9205, 9207, 9212,
C-81-10 and Cross Shahi; and photosynthetic conditions with two levels: P1: using of current photosynthesis
and P2: inhibition of current photosynthesis were in sub-sub plots. The results showed that effect of water stress
and photosynthetic conditions on grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), number of kernel per spike (NKS), and
thousand kernel weight (TKW) were significant. There was a significant difference between genotypes for
mentioned traits. The 9103, 9116, and C-81-10 genotypes had the highest grain yield from full irrigation and use
of current photosynthesis. The C-81-10, 9116 and 9207 genotypes had the highest grain yield from full irrigation
and inhibition of current photosynthesis. The best of genotypes for optimum irrigation were C-81-10, 9116, and
9103. The 9103, 9212, and C-81-10 genotypes had the highest grain yield from cessation of watering and use of
current photosynthesis. The 9116, C-81-10 and 9103 genotypes had the highest grain yield from cessation of
watering and inhibition of current photosynthesis. The best of genotypes for cessation of watering were 91030,
9116, and C-81-10. STI indicator had the highest correlation with GY under water stress, and were recognized as
suitable index for recognition drought enduring genotypes. The average of stem reserves utilization among
genotypes was 28.5% and 37.8% under well-watered and post-anthesis drought stress, respectively. Considering
that C-81-10, 9103 and 9116 genotypes showed the highest grain yield, potential for reserves and remobilization
of assimilates under different irrigation conditions; thus, these genotypes could be introduced as promising in
breeding programs for arid and semi-arid regions.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
758
769
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35097_850c5d8d1dba1c7c294a7b6150f4f659.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13292
Assessment of the Genetic Variation and Drought Tolerance among Genotypes
M.M
Majidi
author
A
Mirlohi
author
M.R
Sabzaliyan
author
text
article
2011
per
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of cultivated (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and
wild safflower (C. oxyacanthus Bieb) populations at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Isfahan
University of Technology located at Lavark-Najafabad in 2008. A randomized complete block design with 3
replications was used in each of irrigation levels after 80, 130 and 180 mm evaporation from class A pan,
respectively. Evaluation of genetic variation revealed a significant difference among cultivated and wild
safflower genotypes for agro-morphological traits. For example wild safflower had significantly higher value for
the number of heads per plant indicating that it can be used for improvement of cultivated species through intraspecies
hybridization. Moisture stress also had a significant effect on all studied traits. Clear differences existed
between the two species (cultivated and wild) for moisture stress tolerance with the wild species being more
tolerant than the cultivated one. Increasing water stress level caused significant reduction in the seed yield of
cultivated genotypes whereas the wild genotypes were not affected as much. Results indicated that wild
safflower has a general stability under moisture stress which is useful source for improvement of drought
tolerance in cultivated safflower.
Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-1472
9
v.
4
no.
2011
770
777
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_35104_828f4b2db648873399dceb8dee5817aa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v9i4.13293