ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستمII بهعنوان شاخصی از خسارت یخزدگی در اکوتیپهای چاودار (Secale montanum) چندساله
اندازهگیری فلورسانس کلروفیل روشی سریع و غیر تخریبی است که بهعنوان شاخصی مهم برای شناسایی ارقام متحمل به تنشهای محیطی ازجمله تنش یخزدگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. بهمنظور بررسی امکان استفاده از پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل در ارزیابی تحمل اکوتیپهای چندساله چاودار به تنش یخزدگی آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. عاملهای مورد مطالعه شامل 10 اکوتیپ چاودار (264، 941، 8425، 15771، 1587، 14947، 591، 1275، 3857 و 12640)، 9 دمای یخزدگی (0، 3-، 6-، 9-، 12-، 15-، 18-، 21- و 24- درجه سانتیگراد) و چهار مرحله اندازهگیری حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II در دورهی بازیابی گیاه پس از اعمال تنش یخزدگی (12، 24، 48 و 96 ساعت) بودند. حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II در گیاهچههای چاودار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اکوتیپهای چاودار تا دمای 18- درجه سانتیگراد از نظر حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II تفاوت معنیداری نداشتند، اما در دماهای 21- و 24- درجه سانتیگراد و با گذشت زمان بازیابی از 12 به 24 ساعت حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II کاهش یافت. از نظر دمای کاهنده 50 درصد حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II بین اکوتیپهای چاودار تفاوت معنیداری وجود داشت، بهطوریکه در 12 ساعت بعد از اعمال تنش یخزدگی اکوتیپ 12640 در دمای 8/24- درجه سانتیگراد به 50 درصد کاهش حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II خود رسید و اکوتیپ 264 و 941 نیز بهترتیب با 2/20- و20- درجه سانتیگراد بالاترین دمای کاهنده 50 درصد حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II را دارا بودند. بین حداکثر کارایی فتوسیستم II با درصد نشت الکترولیتها و درصد بقا همبستگی معنیداری وجود داشت که نشاندهنده پتانسیل مناسب شاخص مذکور برای تشخیص سریع ارقام حساس و متحمل به تنش یخزدگی در چاودار میباشد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38076_ed528815c7335658f768290e41a12d7b.pdf
2018-03-21
1
14
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.43975
تحمل به سرما
درصد بقا
فلورسانس کلروفیل
نشت الکترولیتها
احمد
نظامی
nezami@um.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
سعید
خانی نژاد
skhaninejad@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
محمود رضا
بهرامی
bahmrbahrami47@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
حامد
ظریف کتابی
hamedketabi@yahoo.com
4
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
1. Behnia, M. 1994. Cold season cereals. Tehran University Pub.
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2. Binder, W. D., and Fielder, P. 1996. Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of frost hardiness in white spruce seedlings from different latitudes. New Forests 11 (3): 233-253.
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3. Dai, F., Zhou, M., and Zhang, G. 2007. The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in winter barley during recovery after freezing shock and as affected by cold acclimation and irradiance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45 (12): 915-921.
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4. Fowler, D. B., Breton, G., Limin, A. E., Mahfoozi, S., and Sarhan, F. 2001. Photoperiod and temperature interactions regulate low-temperature-induced gene expression in barley. Journal of Plant Physiology 127 (4): 1676-1681.
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5. Francia, E., Rizza, F., Cattivelli, L., Stanca, A. M., Galiba, G., Toth, B., Hayes, P. M., Skinner, J. S., and Pecchioni, N. 2004. Two loci on chromosome 5H determine low-temperature tolerance in a ‘Nure’ (winter) בTremois’ (spring) barley map. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108 (4): 670-680.
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6. Graan, T., and Boyer, J. S. 1990. Very high CO2 partially restores photosynthesis in sunflower at low water potentials. Planta 181 (3): 378-384.
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7. Hakam, N., De Ell, J. R., Khanizadeh, S., and Richer, C. 2000. Assessing chilling tolerance in roses using chlorophyll fluorescence. HortScience 35 (2): 184-186.
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8. Ingram, J., and Bartels, D. 1996. The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Journal of Annual review of plant biology 47 (1): 377-403.
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9. Jalilian, A., Mazaheri, D., Tavakol Afshari, R., Abdolahian, M., Rahimian, H., and Ahmai, M. 2008. Effect of freezing damage during seedling stage on diferent species of sugar beet. Journal of Crop science 4: 400-415.
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10. Liang, Y., Chen, H., Tang, M. J., Yang, P. F., and Shen, S. H. 2007. Responses of Jatropha curcas seedlings to cold stress: photosynthesis‐related proteins and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. Physiologia Plantarum 131 (3): 508-517.
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11. Mahfoozi, S., Hosein Salkadeh, G., Mardi, M., and Karimzadeh, G. 2008. 10th crop and plant breeding. Karaj. 100-108.
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12. Mam, J., and Philip, R. 1996. Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Parameter for Frost Hardiness in Winter Wheat. A Comparison with other Hardiness Parameters. Phyton. 36: 45-56.
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13. Maxwell, K., and Johnson, G. N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence_a practical guide. Journal of experimental botany 51 (345): 659-668.
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14. Mena-Petite, A., Muñoz-Rueda, A., and Lacuesta, M. 2005. Effect of cold storage treatments and transplanting stress on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and survival under water limiting conditions of Pinus radiata stock-types. European Journal of Forest Research 124 (2): 73-82.
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15. Neuner, G., and Buchner, O. 1999. Assessment of foliar frost damage: a comparison of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence with other viability tests. Journal applicate Botany 73: 50-54.
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16. Nezami, A., Borzouei, A., Jahani, M., Azizi, M., and Sharif, A. 2007. Elecrolite leakage as an index of freezing damage in Rapeseed. Journal of Crop Reseaches of Iran. 1: 167-175.
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17. Nourmohamadi, Q., Siadat, S. A., and Kashani, A. 1998. Cereal cropping. Shahid Chamran University Pub.
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18. Percival, G. C. and Henderson, A., 2003. An assessment of the freezing toleran ce of urban trees using chlorophyll fluorescence. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 78 (2): 254-260.
18
19. Rapacz, M. 2007. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient during freezing and recovery in winter wheat. Photosynthetica 45 (3): 409-418.
19
20. Rapacz, M., Tyrka, M., Kaczmarek, W., Gut, M. Wolanin, B., and Mikulski, W. 2008. Photosynthetic acclimation to cold as a potential physiological marker of winter barley freezing tolerance assessed under variable winter environment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 194 (1): 61-71.
20
21. Rizza, F., Pagani, D., Stanca, A. M., and Cattivelli, L. 2001. Use of chlorophyll fluorescence to evaluate the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance of winter and spring oats. Plant Breeding 120 (5): 389-396.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی شاخصهای رشد و مراحل فنولوژیک کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرایط استفاده از منابع تغذیهای زیستی و شیمیایی
بهمنظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای مختلف زیستی و شیمیایی بر شاخصهای رشد و مراحل فنولوژیکی کنجد آزمایشی در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین (Ni)، بیوفسفر (BP)، بیوسولفور (PS)، ترکیب زیستی دوگانه Ni+BP و سهگانه Ni+BP+BS، کودهای شیمیایی اوره (U)، سوپرفسفات تریپل (P)، ترکیب شیمیایی دوگانه U+P و سهگانه U+P بهعلاوه گوگرد (S) عنصری (U+P+S) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشاندهنده برتری تیمارهای ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نسبت کاربرد تکی آن کودها بود. بر این اساس تیمارهای ترکیبی دوگانه و سهگانه زیستی و شیمیایی بهترین روند شاخصهای رشدی تأثیرگذار بر تولید ماده خشک (شاخص سطح برگ و سرعت رشد محصول) را نسبت به شاهد داشتند که منجر به تجمع بیشتر ماده خشک در این تیمارها گردید. بالاترین نقطه اوج سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص نیز در تیمار دوگانه زیستی مشاهده شد. هرچند در این آزمایش در تیمارهای مختلف از نظر شاخصهای رشدی تفاوتهایی مشاهده شد و با وجودی که سبز شدن گیاهچهها در تیمارهای زیستی زودتر اتفاق افتاد، اما تحلیلهای آماری نشان داد که مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی کنجد از هیچکدام از تیمارهای این آزمایش تأثیر معنیداری نپذیرفت. بنابراین از یافتههای این پژوهش چنین نتیجهگیری میشود که کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و کودهای شیمیایی در بهبود شرایط رشدی گیاه اثر قابل توجهی داشته و تغییری در فنولوژی گیاه بهوجود نمیآورند. نهایتاً با توجه به مزایای استفاده از کودهای زیستی، استفاده از ترکیب کودهای زیستی بهعنوان بهترین گزینه برای تولید کنجد پیشنهاد میگردد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38078_4ad059b4739dd6eae24a5395403230aa.pdf
2018-03-21
15
34
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.49991
اوره
درجه روز رشد
سرعت رشد محصول
شاخص سطح برگ
نیتروکسین
محمدجواد
مصطفوی
mj.mostafavi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واکنش برخی از صفات خاک و ویژگیهای کیفی دانه آفتابگردان به رژیمهای مختلف تغذیهای
بهمنظور بررسی اثر رژیمهای گوناگون تغذیهای بر برخی ویژگیهای کیفی دانه گیاه روغنی آفتابگردان و همچنین خاک تحت کشت آن، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: عدم کاربرد هر گونه کود شیمیایی و زیستی، کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی پیشنهاد شده (NP)، 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده بدون کود زیستی، کود آلی ورمیکمپوست، کود زیستی فسفونیتروکارا، کود زیستی بیوسولفور، ورمیکمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا، ورمیکمپوست+ بیوسولفور، ورمیکمپوست+ 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، فسفو نیتروکارا+ 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، بیوسولفور+ 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، ورمیکمپوست+ فسفونیتروکارا+ 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده، ورمیکمپوست+ بیوسولفور+ 1/2 کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر پیشنهاد شده بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای تغذیهای، تمامی صفات به جز درصد روغن دانه و اسیدیته خاک را بهطور معنیداری تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. بیشترین غلظت عناصر بررسی شده، روغن و پروتئین دانه در تیمارهای تلفیقی مشاهده شد. همچنین کاربرد تلفیقی کودها بالاترین غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و سولفات در خاک را به همراه داشت. بهطور کلی، چنین به نظر میرسد که کودهای زیستی مورد مطالعه و ورمیکمپوست به همراه کودهای شیمیایی ضمن تولید عملکرد مطلوب آفتابگردان میتوانند با بهبود شرایط تغذیهای خاک، تأثیر مثبتی بر پایداری تولید و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی داشته باشند.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38079_6c81f7fe7be8030c5399e8d145942f72.pdf
2018-03-21
35
48
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.54524
عناصر غذایی
کود زیستی
ورمیکمپوست
فاطمه
سلیمانی
f.soleymani63@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
AUTHOR
گودرز
احمدوند
gahmadvand@basu.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی اکبر
صفری سنجانی
aa-safari@basu.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی وسمه (Indigofera tinctoria L.) در سطوح مختلف آبیاری در منطقه بم
بهمنظور مطالعه ویژگیهای رشد، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و عملکرد ایندیگوکارمین گیاه دارویی وسمه (Indigofera tinctoria L.) در واکنش به کودهای مختلف آلی و شیمیایی و مقادیر آبیاری بر اساس ظرفیت زراعی خاک، آزمایشی بهصورت استریپ پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان بم در سال زراعی 92-1391 انجام شد. سه مقدار آبیاری (100، 80 و 60% ظرفیت زراعی خاک) بهعنوان فاکتور اصلی و پنج منبع تغذیه گیاهی شامل کود زیستی میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) (200 گرم خاک تلقیح شده در هر متر طولی)، ورمیکمپوست (پنج تن در هکتار)، کود گاوی (30 تن در هکتار) و کود شیمیایی (80، 150 و150 بهترتیب شامل نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم) و شاهد بهعنوان فاکتور نواری در نظر گرفته شدند. خصوصیات رویشی و عملکرد کیفی در دو چین اندازهگیری شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، قطر کانوپی، تعداد شاخه جانبی، تعداد برگ در بوته، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، عملکرد کل اندامهای هوایی، محتوی ایندیگوکارمین در برگ و عملکرد ایندیگوکارمین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش محتوی رطوبتی خاک بر اساس ظرفیت زراعی تأثیر معنیداری (05/0p≤) روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر کانوپی، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک اندامهای هوایی و عملکرد ایندیگوکارمین در هر دو چین داشت. در چین اول، وزن خشک برگ در مقدار آبیاری 100، 80 و 60 % ظرفیت زراعی بهترتیب 67/806، 680 و 33/589 گرم در متر مربع و در چین دوم بهترتیب 25/820، 21/614 و 78/515 گرم در متر مربع بهدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد اندامهای هوایی در هر دو چین برای سطح آبیاری 100% ظرفیت زراعی حاصل شد. بهطوریکه در چینهای اول و دوم تیمار 100% ظرفیت زراعی در مقایسه با تیمارهای 80 و 60 % ظرفیت زراعی بهترتیب منجر به افزایش 54 و 30 درصد در چین اول و 47 و 23 درصد در چین دوم عملکرد اندامهای هوایی شد. بیشترین عملکرد ایندیگوکارمین در چینهای اول و دوم برای مقدار آبیاری 100% ظرفیت زراعی بهترتیب با 97/4 و 74/3 گرم در متر مربع حاصل شد. بیشترین وزن خشک برگ در چین اول و دوم در تیمار ورمیکمپوست بهترتیب برابر با 11/751 و 24/769 گرم در متر مربع بهدست آمد. کاربرد کودهای ورمیکمپوست، دامی، شیمیایی و میکوریزا عملکرد ایندیگوکارمین را بهترتیب 23، 18، 14 و 10 درصد در چین اول نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38082_47f9c54854c90925eeb0a5da205fc0b9.pdf
2018-03-21
49
65
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.54983
ایندیگوکارمین
کود دامی
گیاه دارویی
میکوریزا
ورمیکمپوست
نادر
مدافع بهزادی
modafebehzadi@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
پرویز
رضوانی مقدم
rezvani@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
محسن
جهان
jahan@um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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30. Saied Nejad, A. H., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2010. Effect of compost, vermicopmost and cow manure on yield and yield component of (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agriculture 24 (2):142-148. (in Persian with English abstract).
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31. Sajadi Nik, R., and Yadavi, A. R. 2013. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and nitroxin on growth indices, phonological stages and grain yield of sesame. Science and Natural Resources 6 (2): 73-99. (in Persian with English abstract).
31
32. Sales, R., Kanhonou, C., Baixauli, A., Giner, D., Cooke, K., Gilbert, I., Arrillaga, J. S., and Ros, R. 2006. Sowing date, transplanting, plant density and nitrogen fertilization affect indigo production from Isatis species in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Industrial Crops and Products 23: 29-39.
32
33. Sallaku, G., and Shaalan, M. N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seeds quality of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Egyptian Journal of Agriculture Research 83: 811-825.
33
34. Shabahang, J., Khoramdel, S., Siahmarguee, A., and Gheshm, R. 2013. Evaluation of integrated management of organic manure application and mycorrhiza inoculation on growth criteria, qualitative and essential oil yield of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under Mashhad climatic conditions. Journal of Agroecology 6 (2): 353-363. (in Persian with English abstract).
34
35. Stoker, K. G., Cooke, D. T., and Hill, D. J. 1998. An improved method for the large-scale processing of woad (Isatis tinctoria) for possible commercial production of woad indigo. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 71: 315-320.
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36. Tabrizi, L. 2005. Effect of water stress and manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Psyllium. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran. (in Persian with English abstract).
36
37. Vessey J. K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil 255: 571-586.
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38. Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K., and Ramankatty, C. 2007. Indian Medicinal Plants. Published by Universities Press (India) Orient Longman Private Limited.
38
39. Yazdani, A., Naderi, R., Fazeli, A., and Bahrani, M. J. 2015. Effect of planting methods and seeding rates on yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) CV. Hamedani in Bajgah, Fars Province. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 5 (15): 167-175. (in Persian with English abstract).
39
40. Zamanyan, M. 2009. Assessment and comparison of potential forage yield of red clover cultivars. Journal of Seed and Plant Improvement 1: 1-25. (in Persian with English abstract).
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر بقایای گیاهان در دو نوع بافت خاک بر ویژگیهای خاک و عملکرد ذرت دانهای رقم NS640 در نظام کشاورزی کم شخم
حفظ بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک و استفاده از نظام کم شخم که از اصول مهم پایداری اکوسیستمهای کشاورزی است، در افزایش پایداری عملکرد ذرت میتواند تأثیرگذار باشد. به منظور بررسی حفظ بقایای گیاهان و اختلاط آنها با خاک دو مزرعه دارای بافت متفاوت بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک و اجزای عملکرد دانه ذرت رقم NS640، آزمایشی طی سال زراعی 1393-1392 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی شوشتر انجام شد. این بهصورت تجزیه مرکب در یکسال و دو مکان در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار بررسی شد و دو مزرعه با خاک لومیرسی و لومیشنی بهعنوان مکان و کشت قبل از ذرت شامل کشت باقلا، گندم، کلزا، کلم و آیش در قالب تیمارهای آزمایش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در عمق 15-0 سانتیمتری خاک تیمار دارای بقایای گیاهی گندم در بافت خاک لومی رسی بیشترین میزان کربن آلی (80/0 درصد) را داشت و پس از آن تیمارهای دارای بقایای گیاهی باقلا و کلزا در یک گروه معنیداری قرار گرفتند. تیمار شاهد بدون گیاه در بافت خاک لومی شنی، کمترین میزان کربن آلی خاک (36/0 درصد) را داشت. در عمق 30-15 سانتیمتری نیز بیشترین درصد کربن آلی در خاک لومی رسی دارای بقایای گندم با 48/0 درصد وجود داشت و بعد از آن تیمارهای دارای بقایای گیاهی باقلا، کلزا و کلم بهترتیب با 44/0، 42/0 و 39/0 بودند. در بافت لومی رسی میزان رطوبت خاک در تیمارهای برگرداندن گیاه گندم، کلزا و باقلا بهترتیب 3/21، 4/20 و 5/20 درصد بود، در حالیکه برگرداندن بقایای کلم در مقایسه با شاهد (9/12 درصد) تأثیر معنیداری بر درصد رطوبت خاک نداشت. در بین تیمارهای برگرداندن بقایای گیاهی در خاک لومی شنی، تیمارهای شاهد و کلم با مقدار 23/0 و 212/0 درصد کربن آلی، کمترین مقدار ماده آلی را داشتند. تیمارهای برگرداندن بقایای گیاهی باقلا در دو نوع بافت خاک لومی رسی و لومی شنی بهترتیب با 6/10128 و 9/9547 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه و تیمار شاهد در بافت لومی شنی با 6111 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین عملکرد دانه ذرت را بهدنبال داشتند. بهطور کلی، بقایای گیاهی باقلا در زراعت ذرت در هر دو نوع بافت خاک لومی رسی و لومی شنی تأثیر معنیدار بر عملکرد دانه ذرت و همچنین بهبود برخی ویژگیهای کیفی خاک داشت.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38084_02e490ce44517a6a51d11307f34839a1.pdf
2018-03-21
67
81
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.56548
جرم مخصوص ظاهری
شاخص برداشت
کربن آلی
عین اله
حسامی
ainellah@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
محسن
جهان
jahan@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
روزبه
فرهودی
roozbehfarhoudi@yahoo.com
4
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر
AUTHOR
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4. Asoodar, M. A. Bakhshandeh, A. M., Afraseabi, H., and Shafeinia, A. 2006. Effects of press wheel weight and soil moisture at sowing on grain yield. Agronomy Journal 4: 39-47.
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7. Clark, A. J., Decker, A. M., Meisinger, J. J., and McIntosh, M. S. 1997. Kill date of vetch, rye, and a vetchrye mixture. I. Cover crop and corn nitrogen. Agronomy Journal 89: 427-434.
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9. Ericson, N. A. 1993. Quality and storability in relation to fertigation of apple trees cv. Summerred. Acta Horticulture 326: 73-83.
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10. Farhoodi, R., Cheche, M., and Majnon Hussein, N. 2007. Effect of wheat residue management on soil properties and on sunflower yield in double cropping system. Iranian Journal of field crop Science 39 (1): 11-21.
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11. Ghuman, B. S., and Sur, H. S. 2001. Tillage and residue management effects on soil properties in a direct drill tillage system. Soil and Tillage Research 42: 209-219.
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12. Haji Abbasi, M., Bsalt pour, A., and Malale, A. R. 2006. Effect of conversion of grasslands to agricultural lands on the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in the south and southwest. Journal of Water and Soil Science: Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11 (42): 525-534.
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13. Heydari, A. 2004. Soil fertility improvement by stubles management and soil tillage in grain corn wheat rotation system. Proceedings of 8th Soil Sciences Congress of Iran.
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14. Jahan, M., Amir, M. B., Shabahang, J., Ahmadi, F., and Solymani, F. 2014. The effects of winter cover crops and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria on some soil fertility aspects and crop yield in an organic production system of Ocimum basilicum L. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11 (4): 562-572.
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15. Jin, H., Qingjie, W., Hongwen, L., Lijin, L., and Huanwen, G. 2009. Effect of alternative tillage and residue cover on yield and water use efficiency in annual double cropping system in North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research 104: 198-205.
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16. Koocheki, A., Nakhforosh, A. R., and Zarif Ketabi, H. 1997. Organic farming. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. 331Pp.
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17. Koocheki, A., and Khajeh Hosseini, M. 2007. Modern agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.
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18. Kuo, S., and Jellum, E. J. 2002. Influence of winter cover crop and residue management on soil nitrogen availability and corn yield. Agronomy Journal 94: 501-508.
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19. Limon-Ortega, A., Sayer, K. D., Drijber, R. A., and Francis, C. A. 2002. Soil attributes in a furrow- irrigated bed planting system in north-west Mexico. Soil and Tillage Research 63: 123-132.
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20. Maiksteniene, S., and Arlauskiene, A. 2004. Effect of preceding crops and green manure on the fertility of clay loam soil. Agronomy Research 2 (1): 87-97.
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21. Miller, P., McConkey, B., Clayton, G., Brandt, S., Baltensperger, D., and Neil, K. 2002. Pulse crop adaptation in the Northen Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 94: 261-272.
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22. Pare, T., and Gregorich, E. G. 1999. Soil texture effects on mineralization of nitrogen from crop residues and the added nitrogen interaction. Communications in soil science and plant analysis 14 (6): 463-469.
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23. Page, A. L. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomi 9, ASA, SSSA, Madison, Wiscosin, USA.
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24. Safari, A., Asoodar, M. A., Qasmynzhad, M., and Abdali Mashhadi, A. 2012. Effect of residue management,, different conservation tillage and seeding on soil physical properties and wheat grain yield. Knowledge of sustainable agricultural production 23 (2): 49-59.
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25. Sayer, K. D., Mezzalama, M., and Martinez, M. 2001. Tillage, crop rotation and crop residue management effects on maize and wheat production for rainfed conditions in Altiplane of central Mexico. CIMMYT.
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26. Sheikh Hosseini, A., and Nurbkhsh, F. 2006. The Effect of soil and plant residues on net nitrogen mineralization. Pajouhesh and sazandegi 75: 127-133.
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27. Silgram, M., and Chambers, B. J. 2002. Effects of longterm straw management and fertilizer nitrogen additions on soil nitrogen supply and crop yields at two sites in eastern England. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 139: 115-127.
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28. Soon, Y. K., Clayton, G. W., and Rice, W. A. 2001. Tillage and previous effects on dynamics of nitrogen in a wheat-soil system. Agronomy Journal 93: 842-849.
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29. Varamesh, S., Hosseini, S. M, Abdi, N., and Akbarinia, M. 2009. Effect of afforestation to increase carbon sequestration and improving soil characteristics, Journal of the forest 35: 25-1.
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30. Vigil, M. F., and Kissel, D. E. 1991. Equations for estimating the amount of nitrogen mineralized from crop residues. Soil Science. Society of American Journal 55: 757-761.
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31. Walkly, A., and Black, I. A. 1934. An Experimentation of Data. 39pp.
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32. Wicks, G. A., Crutchfield, D. A., and Burnside, O. C. 1994. Influence of wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw mulch and metolacholor on corn (Zea mays) growth and yield. Weed Science 42: 141-147.
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33. Wright, A. L., Hons, F. M., Lemon, R. G., McFarland, M. L. and Nichols, R. L. 2007. Stratification of nutrients in soil for different tillage regimes and cotton rotations. Soil. Till. Res. 96: 19-27.
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34. Zhang, G. S., Chan, K. Y., Oates, A., Heenan, D. P., and Huang, G. B. 2007. Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24 years of conservation tillage. Soil and Tillage Research 92: 122-128.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی نشانگرهای مبتنی بر رتروترنسپوزون ها در شناسایی مکان های مرتبط با صفات مهم زراعی و مقاومت به بیماری پوسیدگی اسکلروتینیایی یقه ساقه در آفتابگردان روغنی (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت شرایط مزرعه ای
آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) یکی از گیاهان دانه روغنی است. پوسیدگی طوقه یکی از مهمترین بیماریهای آفتابگردان در دنیا میباشد که در شرایط محیطی مناسب باعث از بین رفتن کل محصول میشود. در این مطالعه به منظور تجزیه ارتباطی صفات مهم زراعی و مقاومت به قارچ اسکلروتینیا (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) تعداد 100 لاین خالص آفتابگردان روغنی در مزرعهای در روستای وقاصلوی سفلی از توابع شهرستان ارومیه در قالب طرح لاتیس ساده 10×10 در 2 تکرار کشت شدند. پنج بوته از هر ژنوتیپ در هر تکرار با جدایه قارچی جمعآوری شده از گیاهان آفتابگردان آلوده همان مزرعه در سال قبل تلقیح شدند. صفات درصد پیشرفت آلودگی قارچی بعد از 4، 8 و 12 روز، وزن صد دانه گیاه آلوده نشده، وزن صد دانه گیاه آلوده شده، عملکرد گیاه آلوده نشده، عملکرد گیاه آلوده شده، افت وزن صد دانه و افت عملکرد ارزیابی شدند. از طرفی پروفیل مولکولی جمعیت با 28 آغازگر مبتنی بر رتروترنسپوزن (7 جفت آغازگر IRAP و 7 جفت آغازگر REMAP) تهیه شد. تجزیه ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت بهعنوان پیش نیاز تجزیه ارتباط با روش بیزین منجر به شناسایی 2 زیر جمعیت شد. در تجزیه ارتباط بر اساس مدل خطی مخلوط (MLM)، 27 نشانگر رتروترنسپوزونی مرتبط با صفات مورد مطالعه شناسایی شدند. بیشترین تعداد نشانگر برای صفات درصد پیشرفت آلودگی بعد از 4 روز و عملکرد تک بوته گیاه آلوده شده شناسایی شد. در این مطالعه چندین مکان مشترک برای صفات مورد مطالعه شناسایی شد. وجود نشانگرهای مشترک در میان برخی صفات بررسی شده میتواند ناشی از اثرات پلیوتروپی و یا پیوستگی نواحی ژنومی دخیل در کنترل این صفات باشد. نتایج بهدست آمده از این مطالعه اطلاعات ارزشمندی در زمینه مبنای ژنتیکی صفات مورد مطالعه ارائه میدهد که از این اطلاعات میتوان در برنامههای مختلف و از جمله انتخاب به کمک نشانگر (MAS) در آفتابگردان استفاده نمود. میتوان با توالییابی مکانهایی که تغییرات قابل توجهی از صفات را توجیه مینمایند، ژنهای کدکننده مقاومت به بیماری و صفات مهم زراعی را شناسایی نمود.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38086_d5fe83aa98097e02de1087f1868da9a7.pdf
2018-03-21
83
96
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.58597
آفتابگردان
ساختار جمعیت
عدم تعادل لینکاژی
نشانگرهای مولکولی
نقشه یابی ارتباطی
رشید
پاک نیا
rashid1355@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
فرج اله
شهریاری احمدی
shahriari@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
رضا
درویش زاده
r.darvishzadeh@urmia.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه ارومیه
AUTHOR
سعید
ملک زاده شفارودی
malekzadeh-s@um.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
1. Abdi, N., Darvishzadeh, R., Jafari, M., Pirzad, A., and Haddadi, P. 2012. Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of agro-morphological traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under two contrasting water treatment conditions. Plant Omics 5 (2): 149-158.
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2. Allinne, C., Maury, P., Sarrafi, A., and Grieu, P. 2009. Genetic control of physiological traits associated to low temperature growth in sunflower under early sowing conditions. Plant Science 177: 349-359.
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3. Anandhan, T., Manivannan, N., Vindhiyaman, P., and Jeykaumar, P. 2010. Single marker analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 1 (4): 1227-1234.
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4. Andaya, V. C., Tabanao, D., Maramara, G., and Sebastian, L. S. 1996. Correlation of molecular diversity with heterosis in nine lowland rice. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 21: 4.
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5. Aranzana, M. J., Kim, S., Zhao, K., Bakker, E., Horton, M., Jakob, K., Lister, C., Molitor, J., Shindo, C., Tang, C., Toomajian, C., Traw, B., Zheng, H., Bergelson, J., Dean, C., Marjoram, P., and Nordborg, M. 2005. Genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis identifies previously known flowering time and pathogen resistance genes. PLoS Genet 1(5): e60.
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6. Bolton, M. D., Thomma, B. P. H. J., and Nelson, B. D. 2006. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology 7: 1-166.
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7. Bradbury, P. J., Zhang, Z., Kroon, D. E., Casstevens, T. M., Randoss, Y., and Buckler, E. S. 2007. TASSEL: software for association mapping of complex traits in diverse samples. Bioinformatics 23: 2633-2635.
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8. Breseghello, F., and Sorrells, M. E. 2006. Association mapping of kernel size and milling quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Genetics 172: 1165-1177.
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9. Campbell, M. A., Fitzgerald, H. A., and Ronald, P. C. 2002. Engineering pathogen resistance in crop plants. Transgenic Research 11: 599-613.
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10. Carson, M. L. 1991. Relationship between phoma black stem severity and yield losses in hybrid sunflower. Plant Disease 75: 1150-1153.
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11. Darvishzadeh, R. 2012. Association of SSR markers with patial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates to sunflower. Australian Journal of Crop Science 6 (2): 276-282.
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12. Ebrahimi, A., and Sarrafi, A. 2012. Genetic Variability and identification of markers in gamma-irradiation induced mutants of sunflower under water stress condition. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 1 (2): 1-8.
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13. Evanno, G., Reganut, E., and Goudet, J. 2005. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Molecular Ecology 14: 2611-2620.
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14. Eyvaznejad, N., and Darvishzadeh, R. 2014. Identification of QTLs for grain yield and some agro-morphological traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using SSR and SNP markers. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding 2 (2): 68-87
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15. Flint-Garcia, S. A., Thornsberry, J. M., and Buckler, E. S. 2003. Structure of linkage disequilibrium in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 54: 357-374.
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16. Fusari C. M., Rienzo J. A. D., Troglia C., Nishinakamasu V., Moreno M. V., Maringolo C., Quiroz F., Álvarez D., Escande A., Hopp E., Heinz R., Lia V. V., and Paniego N. B. 2012. Association mapping in sunflower for sclerotinia head rot resistance. BMC Plant Biology 12 (93): 1-13.
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17. Gulya, T. J., Rashid, K. Y., and Masirevic, S. N. 1997. Sunflower diseases. In Sunflower technology and production, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, p. 263-379.
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18. Hahn, V. 2002. Genetic variation for resistance to Sclerotinia head rot in sunflower inbred lines. Field Crops Research 77: 153-159
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19. Inostroza, L., Pozo, A. D., Matus, I., Castillo, D., Hayes, P., Machado, S., and Corey, A. 2009. Association mapping of plant height, yield, and yield stability in recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum as a source of donor alleles in a Hordeum vulgare subsp. Vulgare background. Molecular Breeding 23: 365-376.
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20. Jun, T. H., Van, K., Kim, M. Y., Lee, S. H., and Walker, D .R. 2008. Association analysis using SSR markers to find QTL for seed protein content in soybean. Euphytica 62: 179-191.
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21. Liue, L., Wang, L., Yao, J., Zheng, Y., and Zhao, C. 2010. Association mapping of six agronomic traits on chromosome 4A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Molecular Plant Breeding 1 (5): 1-10.
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22. Mandel, J. R., Nambeesan, S., Bowers, J. E., Marek, L. F., Ebert, D., Rieseberg, L. H., Knapp, J. M., and Burk, J. M. 2013. Association mapping and the genomic consequence of selection in sunflower. Genetics 9 (3): 1-13.
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23. Masirevic, S., and Gulya, T. J. 1992. Sclerotinia and phomopsis-two devastating sunflower pathogens. Field Crops Research 30: 271-300.
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24. Micic, Z., Hahn, V., Bauer, E., Schon, C. C., Knapp, S. J., Tang, S., and Melchinger, A. E. 2004. QTL mapping of Sclerotinia midstalk rot resistance in sunflower. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109: 1474-1484.
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر زمان محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی نانو بر صفات کمی و کیفی در 18 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم دیم
با ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ کممصرف و نیاز مبرم ﺑﻪ غنیسازی زﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﮔﯿﺎهان مهم و راهبردی در تغذیه جامعه انسانی ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﮔﻨﺪم، ضرورت اﯾﺠﺎب میکند ﺗﺎ هرگونه راﻫﮑﺎری ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ از راههای ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮای ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮدﮐﻔﺎﯾﯽ و جامعهای ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ﺗﻨﺪرﺳﺖ، اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ کممصرف ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎک و یا ﻣﺼﺮف آن بهصورت محلولپاشی میباشد. بهمنظور ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اثرات زمانهای مختلف محلولپاشی نانو کلات سوپرپلاس ﺑﺮﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰای آن و درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ در ارقام و لاینهای گندم دوروم دیم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در منطقه مغان بهصورت اسپیلتپلات بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل زمان محلولپاشی کود نانو کلات سوپر پلاس (شرکت بیوزر) با غلظت دو در هزار در چهار زمان (زمان پنجهزنی، خوشهدهی، دانهبندی و شاهد (عدم محلولپاشی)) بهعنوان عامل اصلی و رقم و لاینهای گندم دوروم در 18 سطح بهعنوان عامل فرعی بودند. صفات موردبررسی شامل طول بوته، تعداد پنجه و پنجه بارور، طول پدانکل، طول خوشه، تعداد سنبلچه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن دانه در خوشه، وزن کاه، وزن دانه در کل بوته، وزن کل بوته، تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، تعداد روز تا رسیدن، وزن هزار دانه، درصد پروتئین و عملکرد دانه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که زمان محلولپاشی اثر معنیداری بر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشت. محلولپاشی در زمان پنجهزنی مناسبترین اثر و عدم محلولپاشی (شاهد) کمترین تأثیر معنیدار بر صفات اندازهگیری شده را داشت. ارقام نیز ازنظر صفات موردبررسی تفاوت معنیداری با هم نشان دادند. همچنین اﺛﺮ متقابل زمان محلولپاشی × ارقام مختلف نشان داد که بیشترین درصد پروتئین و عملکرد دانه در محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در مرحله پنجهزنی بهترتیب در لاینهای L5 (23/12 درصد) و L16 (2948 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بهدست آمد. همچنین کمترین درصد پروتئین در مرحله پنجهزنی در رقم دهدشت (10/9 درصد) و کمترین عملکرد دانه در عدم محلولپاشی در رقم سیمره و مرحله دانهبندی در لاین L7 (70/771 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بهدست آمد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38088_a8c618857523404f0d914d9e66437055.pdf
2018-03-21
97
112
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.59050
اجزای عملکرد
پروتئین دانه
محلولپاشی
لاین
غلات
یحیی
فیروزی شاهعلی بگلو
yahyafiruzie@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه تربت حیدریه
LEAD_AUTHOR
حسن
فیضی
hasanfeizi@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه تربت حیدریه
AUTHOR
اصغر
مهربان
asgharmehraban@gmail.com
3
مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی استان اردبیل (مغان)
AUTHOR
مسعود
علی پناه
alipanah.masoud@gmail.com
4
دانشگاه تربت حیدریه
AUTHOR
1. Alavi Matin, S. M., Rahnama, A., and Meskarbashi, M. 2015. Effect of Type and rate of potassium fertilizer on agronomic characteristics of two cultivars durum wheat under saline stress. Research in Agricultural Science 2 (1): 177-188. (in Persian with English abstract).
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3
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8. Feizi Asl, V., and Valizadeh, Gh. R. 2004. Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer applications on nutrient concentrations in plant and grain yield in cv. Sardari (Triticum aestivum L.) under dryland conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 6 (3): 223-238.
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11. Hamidi Asil, S., Mostashari, M., and Moez Ardalan, M. 2014. A review of the effects of the sition of some of the micro elements and the determination of the critical level on wheat in the city of Qazvin. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 9 (4): 39-46.
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12. Hussain, N., Khan, M. A., and Javad, M. A., 2005. Effect of foliar application of plant micronutrient mixture on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8 (8): 1096- 1099.
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13. Kassab, O. M., Zeing, H. A. E., and Ibrahim, M. M. 2004. Effect of water deficit and micronutrients foliar application on the productivity of wheat plants. Minufiya J. Agric. Res., 29:925-932.
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14. Leilah, A. A., Badawi, M. A., EL-Moursy, S. A., and Attia, A. N. 1988. Response of soybean plants to foliar application of zinc and different levels of nitrogen. J. Agric. Sci. (Mansoura Univ., Egypt). 13: 556-563.
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15. Li, M., Wang, S., Tian, X., Zhao, J., Li, H., Guo, C., Chen, Y., and Zhao, A. 2015. Zn distribution and bioavailability in whole grain and grain fractions of winter wheat as affected by applications of soil N and foliar Zn combined with N or P. Journal of Cereal Science 61: 26-32.
15
16. Malakooti, M. J., Malakooti, A., Majidi, A., Baybourdi, A., Salari, A., and Falahi, A. 2009. Comparative efficiency of enriched wheat flouring richens plant in the field of health promotion. J. of Food Sci. 6 (3): 118 Pp. (in Persian).
16
17. Maralian, H. 2012. Effect of supplementary nutrition with Fe, Zn chelates and urea on wheat quality and quantity. African Journal of Biotechnology 11 (11): 2661-2665.
17
18. Mozaffari, A., Saydat, S. A., Hashemi Dezfooli, S. A. 2006. Effect of Plant Density on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Four Cultivars of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var.durum) under Dryland of Sarableh Region, Ilam. Research in Agricultural Science 2 (1): 47-56. (in Persian).
18
19. Pahlavan‐Rad, M. R., and Pessarakli, M. 2009. Response of wheat plants to zinc, iron, and manganese applications and uptake and concentration of zinc, iron, and manganese in wheat grains. Communications in soil science and plant analysis 40 (7-8): 1322-1332.
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20. Rangel, Z., and Graham, R. D. 1995. II. Importance of seed Zn content for growth on zinc-deficient soil. Plant Soil, 173: 267-274.
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21. Seadh, S. E., El-Abady, M. I., El-Ghamry, A. M., and Farouk, S. 2009. Influence of micronutrients foliar application and nitrogen fertilization on wheat yield and quality of grain and seed. Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (8): 851-858.
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22. Seilsepour, M. 2007. The study of Fe and Zn effects on quantitative and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and determination of critical levels of these elements in Varamin plain soils. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi In: Agronomy and Horticulture 20 (3): 123-133.
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23. Siosemardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., and Mohammadi, V. 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research 98: 222-229.
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24. Tatari, M., 2004. The effects of various levels of salinity and irrigation times on growth and yield of cumin in Mashhad conditions. MSc thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. 87p. (in Persian with English abstract).
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25. Torun, A., Gültekin, I., Kalayci, M., Yilmaz, A., Eker, S., and Cakmak, I. 2001. Effects of zinc fertilization on grain yield and shoot concentrations of zinc, boron, and phosphorus of 25 wheat cultivars grown on a zinc-deficient and boron-toxic soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24: 1817-1829.
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26. Varga, B., Svecnjak, I., and Pospisil, A. 2001. Winter wheat cultivar performance as affected by production systems in Croatia. Agronomy Journal 93: 961- 966.
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27. Velu, G., Ortiz-Monasterio, I., Cakmak, I., Hao, Y., and Singh, R. P. 2014. Biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. Journal of Cereal Science 59: 365-372.
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28. Yagdi, K. 2009. Path coefficient analysis of some yield components in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 41: 745-751.
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29. Ziaeian, A. H., Malakouti, M. J. 2001. Effects of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu fertilization on the yield and grain quality of wheat in the calcareous soils of Iran. In: Plant Nutrition: Springer, pp. 840-841.
29
30. Ziaeyian, A. 2006. Effects of potassium and zinc application on silage corn cultivation. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences 20 (1): 36-37.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر تنش خشکی بر کارایی مصرف آب و اجزای آن در دو ژنوتیپ و یک رقم ارزن دم روباهی
در شرایط کمبود آب انتقال الگوی کشاورزی به سمت گیاهان سازگار با خشکی میتواند راهکار مناسبی برای مقابله با اثرات کمبود آب باشد. ارزن دمروباهی گیاهی چهار کربنه با سازگاری خوب به نواحی خشک است که در شرایط تنش بسته شدن جزئی روزنه، تعرق را بیشتر از فتوسنتز کاهش داده و درنتیجه کارایی مصرف آب افزایش مییابد. بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر کارایی مصرف آب و اجزای آن آزمایشی در سالهای زراعی 93-1392 و 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بیرجند بهصورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. سطوح تنش خشکی (شامل شاهد، تنش ملایم و شدید بهترتیب با تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) بهعنوان عامل اصلی و ژنوتیپهای kfm5 و kfm20 و رقم باستان بهعنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی کارایی مصرف آب دانه را کاهش داد ولی تأثیر معنیداری بر کاهش کارایی مصرف آب عملکرد بیولوژیک نداشت. در تمام سطوح تنش ژنوتیپ باستان به علت شاخص برداشت بالاتر کارایی مصرف آب بالاتری از دو لاین دیگر در شرایط بدون تنش (817/0 در برابر 627/0) و تنش (563/0 در برابر 415/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم) داشت و برای شرایط تنش مناسبتر است. تحت تأثیر تنش کاهش عملکرد دانه بهواسطه کاهش شاخص برداشت و کل ماده خشک بود. کل ماده خشک ژنوتیپها اختلافی نداشت و برتری رقم باستان بهعلت شاخص برداشت بالاتر بود. کارایی مصرف آب بالا در گیاه لازمه مقاومت و سازگاری در شرایط مواجهه با تنش خشکی است و به همراه شاخص برداشت که شاخصی از مقدار محصول قابل استفاده است، میتوانند برای شناسایی ژنوتیپها و ارقام مناسب برای شرایط خشک و کمبود آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38090_8dd4b96e03d8566610f08d1f166a3855.pdf
2018-03-21
113
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10.22067/gsc.v16i1.59043
شاخص برداشت
عملکرد دانه
کارایی مصرف آب
ماده خشک
مسعود
خزاعی
mkhazaei20@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه بیرجند
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد
گلوی
mgalavi@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
مهدی
دهمرده
dahmard@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
سید محسن
موسوی نیک
mohsen_372001@yahoo.com
4
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
غلامرضا
زمانی
grz1343@yahoo.com
5
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
نفیسه
مهدی نژاد
masoudkhazaei1346@gmail.com
6
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
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19. Lawlor, D. W., and Cornic, G. 2002. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficit in higher plant. Plant Cell and Environment 25 (2): 275-294.
19
20. Larcher, W. P. 1995. Physiological plant ecology. New York, USA. 506 p.
20
21. Maman, N., Lyon, D. J., Mason, S., Galusha, T. D., and Higgins, R. 2003. Pearl millet and grain sorghum yield response to water supply in Nebraska. Agronomy Journal 95: 1618-1624.
21
22. Prihar, S. S., and Stewart, B. A. 1991. Sorghum harvest index in relation to plant size, environment, and cultivar. Agronomy Journal 83: 603-608.
22
23. Seghatoleslami, M. J., Kafi, M., and Majidi, E. 2008. Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on yield and water use efficiency of five proso Millet. (Panicum milliaceum) genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40 (4): 1427-1432.
23
24. Seghatoleslami, M. J., Kafi, M., Majidi, E., Darvish, F., and Nourmohammadi, Gh. 2008. Effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of three millet species. Journal of Agricultural sciences Islamic Azad University 11 (4): 121-131.
24
25. Vadez, V., Hash, T., Binder, F., and Kholova, J. 2012. Phenotyping pearl millet for adaptation to drought. Plant Physiology 3: 158-169.
25
26. Yadav, O. P., and Bhatnagar, S. K. 2001. Evaluation of indices for identification of pearl millet cultivars adapted to stress and non-stress conditions. Field Crops Research 70 (3): 201-208.
26
27. Zhang, J., and Kirkham, M. B. 1995. Water relations of water-stressed, split-root C4 (Sorghum binocolor) and C3 (Helianthus annuus) plants. American Journal of Botany 82 (10): 1220-1229.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر محلولپاشی کود روی بر عملکرد دانه و محتوی روی دانه برنج رقم سازندگی
بهمنظور بررسی اثر محلولپاشی کود روی بر عملکرد دانه و میزان روی دانه برنج رقم سازندگی، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان در سالهای 1392 و 1393 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: نانو اکسید روی با غلظت 150 و300 میلیگرم در لیتر، سولفاتروی با غلظتهای سه و شش گرم در لیتر، آب مقطر (شاهد اول) و بدون محلولپاشی (شاهد دوم) بود. نتایج نشان داد حداکثر عملکرد دانه (3/8968 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار شش گرم در لیتر سولفاتروی بهدست آمد که نسبت به شاهد اول 1/10درصد و نسبت به شاهد دوم 8/11درصد بیشتر بود. همچنین حداکثر مقدار روی دانه (8/37 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم) در تیمار شش گرم در لیتر سولفاتروی بهدست آمد که نسبت به شاهد اول 6/16درصد و نسبت به شاهد دوم 5/19درصد بیشتر بود. این در حالی بود که بین مقدار روی دانه دو تیمار سولفاتروی و دو تیمار نانو اکسید روی، تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش محلولپاشی نانو اکسید روی و سولفاتروی میتواند سبب افزایش عملکرد و بهبود محتوای روی دانه در راستای غنیسازی زیستی دانه برنج گردد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38092_2b2cf43ab7462acc5320500375be82b3.pdf
2018-03-21
125
136
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.59475
تغذیه برگی
سولفاتروی
غنیسازیزیستی
کمبود روی
نانو اکسید روی
احمد
رمضانی
ramazaani@yahoo.com
1
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمود
صلحی
msolhi@yahoo.com
2
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان
AUTHOR
مصلح الدین
رضایی
mreza84@yahoo.com
3
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان
AUTHOR
1. Amirjani, M. R., Askari, M., and Askari, F. 2014. Effect of nano zinc oxide on alkaloids, enzymatic and antienzymatic antioxidant contents and some physiological parameters of Catharantus roseus. Cell and Tissue Journal 5 (2): 173 -183. (in Persian with English abstract).
1
2. Anonymous. 2016. Iranian Ministry of Jihade-Agriculture. first volume. Crops. Available at http://www.maj.ir/Portal/Home/Default.aspx?CategoryID=95a8e7d0-e5f0-4f2d-a241-92106c74dcc.
2
3. Auld, D. S. 2001. Zinc coordination sphere in biochemical zinc sites. In Zinc Biochemistry, Physiology, and Homeostasis. Springer. Netherlands.
3
4. Cakmak, I., Kalayci, M., Ekiz, H., Braun, H. J., and Yilmaz, A. 1999. Zinc deficiency as an actual problem in plant and human nutrition in Turkey: a NATO Science for Stability Project. Field Crops Research 60: 175-188.
4
5. Cakmak, I., Kalayci, M., Kaya, Y., Torun, A. A., Aydin, N., Wang, Y., Arisoy, Z., Erdem, H., Yazici, A., Gokmen, O., and Ozturk, L. 2010. Biofortification and localization of zinc in wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 (16): 9092-9102.
5
6. Chakeralhosseini, M. R., Mohtashami, R., and Owliaie, H. R. 2009. Effects of rate, source, and method of zinc fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice (Choram 1). Journal of Research in Agricultural Science 5 (1): 33-43. (in Persian with English abstract).
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7. Davatgar, N. 2005. Estimation of different form of Zinc in wetland soils and their availability to plant rice. Rice Research Institute. Agricultural research, education & extension organization. Registration number: 1045569. (in Persian with English abstract).
7
8. Dobermann, A., and Fairhurst, T. 2000. Rice: nutrient disorders & nutrient management (Vol. 1). International Rice Research Institute.
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9. Depar, N., Rajpar, I., Memon, M. Y., and Imtiaz, M. 2011. Mineral nutrient densities in some domestic and exotic rice genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture: Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences.
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12. Gao, X., Hoffland, E., Stomph, T., Grant, C. A., Zou, C., and Zhang, F. 2012. Improving zinc bioavailability in transition from flooded to aerobic rice. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development 32 (2): 465-478.
12
13. Habib, M. 2009. Effect of foliar application of Zn and Fe on wheat yield and quality. African Journal of Biotechnology 8 (24).
13
14. Jiang, W., Struik, P. C., Van Keulen, H., Zhao, M., Jin, L. N., and Stomph, T. J. 2008. Does increased zinc uptake enhance grain zinc mass concentration in rice? Annals of Applied Biology 153 (1): 135-147.
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15. John, L. W., Jamer, D. B., Samuel, L. T., and Warner, L. W. 2014. Soil fertility and fertilizers: An introduction to nutrient management. Person Education. Delhi. pp. 106-153.
15
16. Kamari, H., Seyed Sharifi, R., and Sedeghi, M. 2014. The effect of foliar application of nano-zinc oxide and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria on yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of triticale. Crop Physiology Journal 22 (4): 52-37. (in Persian with English abstract).
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17. Karak, T., and Das, D. 2006. Effect of foliar application of different sources of Zn application on the changes in Zn content, uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In 18th World Congress of Soil Science. Philadelphia., Pennsylvania. USA.
17
18. Khot, L. R., Sankaran, S., Maja, J. M., Ehsani, R., and Schuster, E. W. 2012. Applications of nanomaterials in agricultural production and crop protection: a review. Crop Protection 35: 64-70.
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19. Malakouti, M. J., and Kavousi, M. 2004. Balanced nutrition of rice. First Edition. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Deputy Agronomy Affairs. Press the Senate. Tehran. (in Persian).
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20. Morete, M. J., Impa, S. M., Rubianes, F., and Beebout, S. E. J. 2011. Characterization of zinc uptake and transport in rice under reduced conditions in agar nutrient solution. 14th Philippines Society of Soil Science and Technology. In Scientific Conference (pp. 25-27).
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21. Phattarakul, N., Mongon, J., and Rerkasem, B. 2011. Variation in rice grain zinc and their response to zinc fertilizer. In 3rd International Zinc Symposium (pp. 10-14). Hyderabad. India.
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22. Prasad, T. N. V. K. V., Sudhakar, P., Sreenivasulu, Y., Latha, P., Munaswamy, V., Reddy, K. R., Sreeprasad, T. S., Sajanlal, P. R., and Pradeep, T. 2012. Effect of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on the germination, growth and yield of peanut. Journal of Plant Nutrition 35 (6): 905-927.
22
23. Quijano-Guerta, C., Kirk, G. J. D., Portugal, A. M., Bartolome, V. I., and McLaren, G. C. 2002. Tolerance of rice germplasm to zinc deficiency. Field Crops Research. 76: 123-130.
23
24. Rehman, H. U. 2014. N-Zn dynamics under different rice production systems (Doctoral dissertation. University of Agriculture. Faisalabad).
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25. Rehman, H. U., Aziz, T., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A., and Rengel, Z. 2012. Zinc nutrition in rice production systems: a review. Plant and soil 361 (1-2): 203-226.
25
26. Reinhold, J. G. 1971. High phytate content of rural Iranian bread: a possible cause of human zinc deficiency. The American journal of clinical nutrition 24 (10): 1204-1206.
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27. Rengel, Z., Römheld, V., and Marschner, H. 1998. Uptake of zinc and iron by wheat genotypes differing in tolerance to zinc deficiency. Journal Plant Physiology 152: 433-438.
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28. Saadati, N. 1998. The effect of different sources of zinc (Zn) on yield of rice, (var. Tarom) in peat lands. Rice Research Institute. Agricultural research, education & extension organization. Final report of research project 12 pages. (in Persian).
28
29. Safarpour, R., and Naqhavi, S. 1997. Determination of zinc requirement of rice in paddies of Guilan province. Rice Research Institute. Agricultural research, education & extension organization. Extension issue, 42 pages. (in Persian with English abstract).
29
30. Soleimani, A. 1999. Effects of zinc on rice farming. Gorgan and Gonbad Agricultural Organization. Rice Research Institute. Extension issue, 8 pages. (in Persian).
30
31. Shivay, Y. S., Kumar, D., Prasad, R., and Ahlawat, I. P. S. 2008. Relative yield and zinc uptake by rice from zinc sulphate and zinc oxide coatings onto urea. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 80 (2):181-188.
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32. Skoog, F. 1940. Relationships between zinc and auxin in the growth of higher plants. American Journal of Botany 939-951.
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33. Stomph, T. J., Hoebe, N., Spaans, E., and Van der Putten, P. E. L. 2011. The relative contribution of post-flowering uptake of zinc to rice grain zinc density. In 3rd International Zinc Symposium. (pp. 10-14). Hyderabad. India.
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34. Valinejad, M. 2001. Determination of critical level of potassium and zinc in several paddy fields of Mazandaran province. Soil Science master's thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract).
34
35. Wijebandara, D. M. D. I., Dasog, G. S., Patil, P. L., and Hebbar, M. 2009. Effect of nutrient levels and biofertilizer on growth and yield of paddy under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and conventional methods of cultivation. Tropical Agricultural Research 20: 343-353.
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36. Wu, C.Y., Lu, L. L., Yang, X. E., Feng, Y., Wei, Y. Y., Hao, H. L., Stoffella, P. J., and He, Z. L. 2010. Uptake, translocation, and remobilization of zinc absorbed at different growth stages by rice genotypes of different Zn densities. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 58 (11): 6767-6773.
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37. Zayed, B. A., Salem, A. K. M., and El Sharkawy, H. M. 2011. Effect of different micronutrient treatments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield under saline soil conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7 (2): 179-184.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تغییرات نسبت کربن به نیتروژن خاک و پاسخ رشدی گیاه دارویی شاهدانه (Cannabis sativa L.) در واکنش به سطوح مختلف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی
یکی از نکات مهم در بهبود مدیریت زراعی و تولید گیاهان دارویی، ارزیابی سیستمهای مختلف تغذیه گیاه است. جهت بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی بر گیاه دارویی شاهدانه، آزمایشی در سال 1394- 1393 بهصورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعهی تحقیقاتی دانشکدهی کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل کود دامی (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار کود گاوی پوسیده شده) بهعنوان کرت اصلی و کود نیتروژن (صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع کود اوره) به همراه کود فسفر (صفر و 80 کیلوگرم فسفر خالص در هکتار از منبع کود سوپرفسفات تریپل) بهصورت فاکتوریل بهعنوان کرت فرعی بودند. نمونهبرداری در دو مرحلهی رویشی و زایشی گیاه انجام گرفت. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثر کود دامی در مرحلهی رویشی بر ارتفاع و قطر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ معنیدار نبود، اما کود شیمیایی نیتروژن اثر معنیداری بر ویژگیهای رشد داشت. در سطوح صفر، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی با افزایش سطح کود نیتروژن، عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه افزایش یافت. با افزایش سطح کود دامی و نیتروژن شاخص برداشت کاهش یافت، بهطوریکه کاربرد 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن، از طریق افزایش بیشتر رشد رویشی این شاخص را بهترتیب 20/18 و 07/13 درصد کاهش دادند. افزایش سطح کودهای نیتروژن و دامی در کاهش نسبتC/N خاک در مرحله زایشی مؤثر بود. اضافه نمودن فسفر سبب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه (13درصد)، وزن خشک ساقه (42/6 درصد) و برگ (21/15) در مرحله زایشی شد. بر طبق نتایج آزمایش کاربرد تلفیقی 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و همچنین 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن سطوح مناسبی برای تغذیهی شاهدانه هستند.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38094_156aaf132c2c63001f3d6e78b6bb885b.pdf
2018-03-21
137
152
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.60300
اوره
سوپرفسفات تریپل
کود گاوی
سمانه
لاله
laleh8591@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه بیرجند
LEAD_AUTHOR
مجید
جامی الاحمدی
mjamialahmadi@birjand.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
سهیل
پارسا
parsasoheil@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
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1
2. Abdipoor, M., Farahbakhsh, J., and Panahi, Kh. 2013. The effects of different levels of nitrogen phosphorous on Plantago major extract in Yasouj. National Conference on Water and Wastewater Engineering. Iran, Tehran. (in Persian).
2
3. Akande, M. O., Olwatoyinbo, F. I., Makinde, E. A., Adepoju, A. S., and Adepoji, I. S. 2010. Response of okra to organic and inorganic fertilization. Journal of Nature and Science 8 (11): 261-266.
3
4. Asadi, F., and Khademi, Z. 2014. Changes in Nutrients (N, P, K) Concentration in Various Parts of Corn during Different Growth Stages. Iranian Journal Soil Research 24 (4): 485- 498. (in Persian with English abstract).
4
5. Bremner, J. M. 1965. Total nitrogen. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. American of Agronomy. Mandison. WI, P. 1148-1158.
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6. Daneshian, J., Rahmani, N., and Alimohammadi, M. 2013. Effects of nitrogen and manure fertilizer application on yield and yield components of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production Research 5 (3): 251-260. (in Persian with English abstract).
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7
8. Eslami khalili, F., Pirdashti, H., Bahmanyar, M. A., and Taghavi Ghsemkheili, F. 2014. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizer on soil properties and nutrient concentration in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30 (3): 476-485. (in Persian with English abstract).
8
9. Fallahi, J. 2009. Effects of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on quantity and quality characterize of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) as a medicinal plant. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Ferdowsi Universuty of Mashhad, Iran. (in Persian).
9
10. Ghobanli, M., Hashem moghaddam, Sh., and Fallah, A. 2005. Study of Interaction Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen on Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristic of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12 (2): 415- 428. (in Persian with English abstract).
10
11. Hosseini valiki, R., and Ghanbari, S. 2015. Comparative examination of the effect of manure and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 6 (2): 29-37.
11
12. Jabbari, R., Amini Dehaghi, M., Modares Sanavy, M. A., and Kordenaeej, A. 2009. Effects of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer in semi arid and moderate cool conditions on morphological and composition on Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Crop Breeding 1 (3): 78-94. (in Persian with English abstract).
12
13. Jafari Haghighi, M. 2003. Soil analysis methods- sampling and analysis physical and chemical with emphasis on Theory and Applied principles. Neday Zahi Publication 236p. (in Persian).
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14. Jahanban, L., and Lotfifar, O. 2011. Study of the effective organism (EM) application effect on efficacy of chemical and organic fertilizers in corn cultivation (Zea maiz S.C704). Plant Production Technology 11 (2): 43-52. (in Persian with English abstract).
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15. Javaheri, A. M., Rashidi, N., and Baghizadeh, A. 2016. Influence of organic farm yard manure, potassium and boron on quantity and quality of sugar beet in Bardsir region. Journal of Sugar Beet 21 (1): 43-56. (in Persian with English abstract).
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17. Kharrazi, M., Unesi, H., and Abedini, J. 2012. Effect of corn waste blended with cow dung and paper on vermicompost qualities using Eisenia fetida. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 103: 179-191. (in Persian with English abstract).
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18. Khamchin moghaddam, F., and Rezaee pajand, H. 2009. Criticising de morttone regionalization method according to linear moments for maximum daily precipitation in Iran. Journal of Technical- Engineering 2 (2): 93-103. (in Persian with English abstract).
18
19. Khorramdel, S., Rezvani moghadam, P., and Asady, Gh. A. 2016.
19
Effects of different levels of animal manure and bulb weights on yield and yield components of caraway (Bunium persicum Bioss.). Journal of Plant Production Research 22 (4): 133-155. (in Persian with English abstract).
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20. Majidian, M., Ghalavand, A., Karimian, N., and Kamgar haghighi, A. A. 2008. Effects of nitrogen different amounts, manure and irrigation water on yield and yield components of corn. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 1 (2): 67-85. (in Persian with English abstract).
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21. Makkizadeh, M., Chaichi, M., Nasrollahzadeh, S., and Khavazi, K. 2012. Effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 28 (2): 330- 341. (in Persian with English abstract).
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35. Wahba, H. E., Motawe, H. M., and Ibrahim, A. Y. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on productivity of Urtica pilulifera plant. Bioscience 6 (1): 49-56.
36
36. Valadabadi, S. A., Alimohammadi, M., and Daneshian, J. 2007. The evaluation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) consumption on yield and growth of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata). Plant and Ecosystem 12: 53-65. (in Persian with English abstract).
37
37. Yazdani biouki, R., Bannayan avval, M., Khazaei, H. R., and Sodaeeizadeh, H. 2015. Investigating some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare sub sp. Virid.) as affected by different levels of azocompost and urea. Agroecology Journal 6 (4): 798-811. (in Persian with English abstract).
38
38. Zaman, S. 2003. Plant medicinales. Ghoghnos, iran, p: 134. (in Persian).
39
39. Zeinali, H., Moslehi Yazddeli, A., Safaei, L., Jaberalansar, Z., Akhondi, A., and Skanderi, Z. 2014. Effects of different N.P.K fertilizer levels on quantitative and qualitative traits of Matricaria chamomilla L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30 (4): 511-518. (in Persian with English abstract).
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
کاربرد مفهوم زمانگرمایی جهت مدلسازی پاسخ جوانهزنی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) به دما
مدلهای مبتنی بر مفهوم زمانگرمایی ابزار مفیدی برای توصیف و پیشبینی جوانهزنی و رهایی بذر از خواب در رابطه با زمان و دما هستند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی دقت پیشبینی رهیافتهای مختلف زمانگرمایی در توصیف جوانهزنی سه رقم بهاره کلزا (ساریگل، دلگان و RGS003) بود. آزمون جوانهزنی برای هر رقم در 11 دمای ثابت 8، 12، 16، 20، 24، 28، 32، 33، 34، 35 و 36 درجه سانتیگراد و چهار تکرار انجام شد و کل آزمایش سه مرتبه تکرار گردید. معیارهای نکویی برازش (RMSE و AICc) نشان داد که وقتی Tb (دمای پایه) و θTm (زمانگرمایی لازم برای تکمیل جوانهزنی در دماهای بیشبهینه) برای کل جمعیت بذری ثابت فرض شد و توزیع نرمال برای توصیف تنوع θT(g) (زمانگرمایی لازم برای تکمیل جوانهزنی هر کسر بذری معین در دماهای زیر بهینه) در دماهای زیر بهینه و Tm(g) (دمای بیشینه برای هر کسر بذری معین) در دماهای بیشبهینه بهکار رفت، مدل برازش بهتر و دقیقتری از دورههای زمانی جوانهزنی هر سه رقم کلزا داشت. Tb برای ارقام ساریگل، دلگان و RGS003 بهترتیب 66/5، 13/7 و 86/5 درجه سانتیگراد برآورد شد. برآورد θTm برای ارقام مختلف بین 62/31 تا 55/34 درجه سانتیگراد ساعت متغیر بود. در رقم ساریگل θT(50) و Tm(50) بهترتیب 27/369 درجه سانتیگراد ساعت و 32/34 درجه سانتیگراد، در رقم دلگان بهترتیب 76/378 درجه سانتیگراد ساعت و 98/33 درجه سانتیگراد و در رقم RGS003 بهترتیب 89/357 درجه سانتیگراد ساعت و 42/34 درجه سانتیگراد پیشبینی شد. دمای بهینه برای درصدهای مختلف جوانهزنی (To(g)) ثابت نبود. To(50) برای ارقام ساریگل، دلگان و RGS003 بهترتیب 85/31، 78/31 و 06/32 درجه سانتیگراد تعیین شد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38096_a25eaac88e65a177780a29283d8ac352.pdf
2018-03-21
153
164
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.60457
تابع توزیع تجمعی
توزیع نرمال
دمای کاردینال
شاخص آکائیک
واحدهای گرمایی
ابوالفضل
درخشان
derakhshan.abo@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
AUTHOR
عبدالمهدی
بخشنده
abakhshandeh66@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
AUTHOR
سید عطااله
سیادت
seyedatasiadat@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
AUTHOR
محمدرضا
مرادی تلاوت
moraditelavat@ramin.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
AUTHOR
بهرام
اندرزیان
andarzian@yahoo.com
5
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Alvarado, V., and Bradford, K. J. 2002. A hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant, Cell & Environment 25 (8): 1061-1069.
1
2. Baskin, C. C., and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
2
3. Bradford, K. J. 2002. Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy. Weed Science 50 (2): 248-260.
3
4. Burnham, K. P., and Anderson, D. R. 2002. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Springer, New York, USA.
4
5. Chantre, G. R., Batlla, D., Sabbatini, M. R., and Orioli, G. 2009. Germination parameterization and development of an after-ripening thermal-time model for primary dormancy release of Lithospermum arvense seeds. Annals of Botany 103 (8): 1291-1301.
5
6. Covell, S., Ellis, R. H., Roberts, E. H., and Summerfield, R. J. 1986.The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. I. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean, and cowpea at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany 37 (5): 705-715.
6
7. Ellis, R. H., Covell, S., Roberts, E. H., and Summerfield, R. J. 1986. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. II. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at constant temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany 37 (10): 1503-1515.
7
8. Forcella, F., Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000.Modelling seedling emergence. Field Crops Research 67 (2): 123-139.
8
9. Garcia-Huidobro, J., Monteith, J. L., and Squire, G. R. 1982. Time, temperature and germination of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides S. & H.). I. Constant temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 33 (2): 288-296.
9
10. Hardegree, S.P. 2006. Predicting germination response to temperature. III. Model validation under field-variable temperature conditions. Annals of Botany 98 (4): 827-834.
10
11. Hardegree, S. P., and Van Vactor, S. S. 2000.Germination and emergence of primed grass seeds under field and simulated-field temperature regimes. Annals of Botany 85 (3): 379-390.
11
12. Huo, H., and Bradford, K. J. 2015. Molecular and hormonal regulation of thermoinhibition of seed germination. PP 3-33 in J.V. Anderson ed. Advances in Plant Dormancy. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
12
13. Jafari, N., Esfahani, M., and Sabouri, A. 2012. Assessment of non-linear regression models to evaluate response of seedling emergence rate to temperature in three oil seed rape seed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 42 (4): 857-868. (in Persian with English abstract).
13
14. Mesgaran, M. B., Rahimian Mashhadi, H. R., Alizadeh, H., Ohadi, S., and Zare, A. 2014. Modeling the germination responses of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and littleseed cannary grass (Phalaris minor) to temperature. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 9 (2): 105-118. (in Persian with English abstract).
14
15. Nascimento, W. M., Huber, D. J., and Cantliffe, D. J. 2013. Carrot seed germination and respiration at high temperature in response to seed maturity and priming. Seed Science and Technology 41 (1): 164-169.
15
16. Qiu, J., Bai, Y., Coulman, B., and Romo, J. T. 2006. Using thermal time models to predict seedling emergence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) under alternating temperature regimes. Seed Science Research 16 (4): 261-271.
16
17. Soltani, A., and Sinclair T. R. 2011. A simple model for chickpea development growth and yield. Field Crops Research 124 (2): 252-260.
17
18. Soltani, A., Robertson, M. J., Torabi, B., Yousefi-Daz, M., and Sarparast, R. 2006. Modelling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 138 (1-4): 156-167.
18
19. Steadman, K. J. 2004. Dormancy release during hydrated storage in Lolium rigidum seeds is dependent on temperature, light quality, and hydration status. Journal of Experimental Botany 55 (398): 929-937.
19
20. Wang, R., Bai, Y., and Tanino, K. 2004. Effect of seed size and sub-zero imbibitions temperature on the thermal time model of winterfat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 51 (3): 183-197.
20
21. Zhang, H., McGill, C. R., Irving, L. J., Kemp, P. D., and Zhou, D. 2012. A modified thermal time model to predict germination rate of ryegrass and tall fescue at constant temperatures. Crop Science 53 (1): 240-249.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثرات تاریخ کاشت، کود زیستی حاوی باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات و محلولپاشی عناصر روی و بور بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان (رقم افلاک)
بهمنظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت، کود زیستی حاوی باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات و محلولپاشی عناصر روی و بور بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان (رقم افلاک)، آزمایشی بهصورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 16 تیمار و سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان رامهرمز اجرا گردید. عاملهای آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح مناسب (30 آبان) و تأخیری (15 دی) بهعنوان عامل اصلی و کاربرد کود زیستی حاوی باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات در دو سطح عدم بذر مال و بذر مال و محلولپاشی عناصر روی و بور در چهار سطح با آب (شاهد)، روی، بور و روی + بور (هر کدام سه لیتر در هکتار) بهصورت فاکتوریل بهعنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با تأخیر در کاشت بهدلیل تنش گرمای انتهایی غیر از میزان پرولین برگ کلیه صفات شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD)، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm)، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت بهطور معنیداری کاهش یافت. اثر متقابل تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی حاوی باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات و محلولپاشی عناصر روی و بور غیر از شاخص برداشت، صفات شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD)، میزان پرولین برگ، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، Fv/Fm، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را بهترتیب بهطور معنیداری بهمیزان %37/3، %29/12، %48/6، %02/3، %25/17 و %04/22 تحت تاریخ کاشت تأخیری بهبود بخشید. در این آزمایش مشاهده شد که تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی حاوی باکتریهای حلکننده فسفات نسبت به تیمار محلولپاشی عناصر روی و بور و همچنین محلولپاشی عنصر روی نسبت به بور تأثیر بیشتری در بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و افزایش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک گندم نان (رقم افلاک) در هر دو تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأخیری داشت.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38098_b3ef429856b5ab3024a47515f082fee2.pdf
2018-03-21
165
179
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61058
تنش گرما
عناصر ریزمغذی
غلات
کلروفیل
حسین
کمائی
e.kamaei61@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه لرستان
AUTHOR
حمیدرضا
عیسوند
hrisvand@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه لرستان
LEAD_AUTHOR
فرهاد
نظریان فیروزآبادی
nazarian.f@lu.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه لرستان
AUTHOR
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3
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5. Aown, M., Raza, S., Saleem, M. F., Anjum, S. A., Khaliq, T., and Wahid, M. A. 2012. Foliar application of potassium under water deficit conditions improved the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 22 (2): 431-437.
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6
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8
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی اثر تراکم بر میزان فتوسنتز و شاخصهای رشد اکوتیپهای حنا (Lowsonia inermis L.)
تعیین تراکم بهینه یکی از عوامل مهم برای بهدست آوردن حداکثر عملکرد در هر شرایط اقلیمی و هر رقم گیاهی میباشد. حنا با نام علمیLowsonia inermis L. گیاهی چند ساله است که از لحاظ دارا بودن خواص دارویی و کاربردهای صنعتی از ارزش بالایی برخوردار است. این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی واکنشهای زراعی-فیزیولوژیک اکوتیپهای مختلف گیاه حنا (شهداد، بم و رودبار) به تراکمهای مختلف کاشت (25، 33، 50 و 100 بوته در مترمربع) در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمان بهصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اکوتیپهای مورد بررسی از لحاظ شاخصهای سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت رشد نسبی و میزان هدایت روزنهای تفاوت معنیداری با یکدیگر داشتند و بیشترین میانگین این صفات مربوط به اکوتیپ شهداد بود. بین تراکمهای مورد بررسی نیز از لحاظ اکثر صفات اندازهگیری شده اختلاف معنیداری از لحاظ آماری مشاهده شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین حاکی از حصول بیشترین مقدار شاخص سرعت رشد محصول و کمترین میزان فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنهای و تعرق از تراکم 100 بوته در مترمربع بود. بهطور کلی در این تحقیق اگرچه رقم شهداد برتری معنیداری در سرعت رشد نسبی و سرعت رشد محصول نسبت به دو اکوتیپ بم و رودبار داشت ولی عملکرد خشک کل و خشک برگ این اکوتیپها با یکدیگر تفاوت معنیداری نداشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تراکم 100 بوته در مترمربع این گیاه برای سال اول کاشت از نظر عملکردی مناسبتر از سایر تراکمها بوده ولی برای سالهای دوم به بعد با توجه به رشد پیکره گیاه نیاز به تحقیق بیشتر میباشد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38100_efd222ac749bb4c376e3b028546e4b19.pdf
2018-03-21
181
190
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61146
اکوتیپ
سرعت رشد محصول
عملکرد
فاصله روی ردیف
هدایت روزنهای
امین
پسندی پور
pasandipour.a@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
AUTHOR
حسن
فرحبخش
hfarahbakhsh@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Al-Rubiay, K. K., Jaber, N. N., Al-Mhaawe, B. H., and Alrubaiy, L. K. 2008. Antimicrobial efficacy of henna extracts. Oman Medical Journal 23: 253-6.
1
2. Armin, M., Noormohammadi, Gh., Darvish F., Zand, S., and Baghestani, M. 2008. Study on some ecophysiological difference in more and less competitive winter wheat cultivars on competition with wild oat at different wheat densities. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 80: 119-127. (in Persian with English abstract).
2
3. Bannayan, M., Rahmati, M., Ghani A., and Ghavidel, H. 2010. Quantitative analysis of growth and production of two local and commercial cultivars of radish (Rhaphanus sativus L.) in response to different levels of planting density. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 8 (6): 1002-1011. (in Persian with English abstract).
3
4. Behdani, M., Ghazvini, K., Mohammadzadeh, A. R., and Sadeghian, A. 2009. Antibacterial activity of Henna extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Ofogh-e-Danesh. GMUHS Journal Vol. 15: 46-52. (in Persian with English abstract).
4
5. Bich, D. H., Chung, D. Q., Chuong, B. X., Dong, N. T., Dam, D. T., Hien, P. V., Lo, V. N., Mai, P. D., Man, P. K., Nhu, D. T., Tap, N., and Toan, T. 2004. The Medicinal Plants and Animals in Vietnam. Hanoi Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, Vol. 1, p. 224.
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6. Board, J. E., and Harville, B. G. 1996. Explantions for greater light interception in narrow- vs- wide-row soybean. Crop Science 32: 198-202.
6
7. Caglar, S., and Tekin, H. 1999. The stomata density of pistachio cultivars on different pistacia rootstocks. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 1029-1032.
7
8. Campos, V. M., Pasin, L. A. A. P., and Barja, P. R. 2008. Photosynthetic activity and growth analysis of the plant Costus spicatus cultivated under different light conditions. The European Physical Journal Special Topics 153: 527-529.
8
9. Chaudhary, G., Goyal, S., and Poonia, P. 2010. Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: A Phytopharmacological Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 2: 91-98.
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10. Endrini, S., Rahmat, A., Ismail, P., and Taufiq-Yap, Y. H. 2007. Comparing of the cytotoxicity properties and mechanism of Lawsonia inermis and Strobilanthe crispus extract against several cancer cell lines. Journal of Medical Science 7: 1098-1102.
10
11. Pasandi Pour, A., Farahbakhsh, H., and Moradi, R. 2018. Assessing effect of climatic-management factors on yield and growth characteristics of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.) as a medicinal-industrial plant in Kerman province. Agroecology. (In Press). (in Persian with English abstract).
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12. Ghalandari, R., Rhimzadeh Khoei, F., Toorchi, M., and Behtari, B. 2009. Effect of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Three Sunflower Hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) as a Second Crop. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 2 (20): 27-40. (in Persian with English abstract).
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13. Grogton, K. F., Schneiter, A. A., and Nagle, B. J. 1988. Row spacing, plant population and genotype with row spacing effects on yield and yield components of dry bean. Agronomy Journal 80: 631-634.
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14. Holshouser, D. L., and Jones, B. P. 2003. Early-maturing double crop soybean requires higher plant population to meet leaf area requirement. Crop Management 2. doi: 10.1094/CM-2003-0408-01-RS.
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15. Koc, M., Barutcular, C., and Genc, I. 2003. Photosynthesis and productivity of old and modern durum wheat’s in Mediterranean environment. Crop Science 43: 2089-2098.
15
16. Koocheki, A., and Sarmadnia, G. 2006. Physiology of crop plants. Jahade-e-Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. (in Persian).
16
17. Kuhlase, L. M., Ossom, E. M., and Rhykerd, R. L. 2009. Effects of plant populations on morphological and physiological parameters of intercropped sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Academic Journal of Plant Science 2 (1): 16-24.
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18. Kumar Singh, D., Luqman, S., and Kumar Mathur, A. 2015. Lawsonia inermis L. – A commercially important primaeval dying and medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological activity: A review. Industrial Crops Products 65: 269-286.
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19. Lebaschi, M. H. 1992. Investigate the different aspect of dual purpose using of Barley and Oat variety. M. Sc. Thesis in Agronomy. Isfahan Industrial Univ.
19
20. Martin, R. J., and Deo, B. 2000. Effect of plant population on calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) flower production. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 28 (1): 37-44.
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21. Misirli, A., Topuz, F., and Zeybekoglu, N. 1998. Research on variation of female and male figs in terms of leaf properties and stomatal distribution. Acta Horticulture 480: 129-132
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22. Moradhajati, P., and Shokuhfar, A. 2016. Growth Analysis, Yield and Yield Components of Three Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Different Seeding Rates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 10 (2): 461-476. (in Persian with English abstract).
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23. Morrison, M. J., Mcvetty, P. B. E., and Scar, R. 1990. Effect of altering plant density on growing characteristics of summer rape. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70: 139-149.
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24. Nour-Mohamadi, G., Siadat, A., and Kashani, A. 2010. Agronomy, Vol. 1. Cereal Crops. Shahid Chamran University Press. (in Persian).
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25. Poorter, H. 1989. Interspecific variation in relative growth rate: On ecological causes and physiological consequences. p. 45-68. In Lambers, et al., (Eds.) Causes and consequences of variation in growth rate and productivity of higher plants. SPB Acad. Publishing.
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26. Pourhadian, H., and Khajepour, M. R. 2008. Effects of row spacing and planting density on growth indices and yield of safflower, local variety of Isfahan Koseh in summer planting. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11 (42): 17-31. (in Persian with English abstract).
26
27. Rafiei Alhoseini, M., and Salehi, F. 2002. Effect of plant density on grain yield and arable characteristics of three Sunflower varieties in Shahrekord. 8th Iranian Crop Science Congress, Gilan, Iran.
27
28. Sadeghi, H., Heidari Sharifabd, H., Hamidi, A., Noormohammadi, Gh., and Madani, H. 2015. Effect of planting date and plant density on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll index and grain yield of soybean in Meghan and Karaj areas. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 7 (23): 83-94. (in Persian with English abstract).
28
29. Taize, L., and Zeiger, E. 1998. Plant physiology. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
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30. Tanzarella, O. A., Depace, C., and Filippetti, A. 1984. Stomata frequency and size in Vicia faba L. Crop Science 24: 1070-1076.
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31. Viddicombe, W. D., and Thelen, K. D. 2002. Row width and plant density effects on corn grain production in the Northern cron Belt. Agronomy Journal 94: 1020-1023.
31
32. Yaghoubnejad, F. 2004. Effect of row space, plant space and variety on growth, tuber size and potato yield. M. Sc. Thesis in Agronomy. Isfahan Industrial Univ.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی پاسخ به تنش خشکی در برخی از لاینهای موتانت برنج با استفاده از شاخصهای تحمل به تنش
مجموعهای از 18 ژنوتیپ برنج شامل 14 لاین موتانت M5 و چهار رقم والدینی آنها تحت تنش خشکی در مرحله زایشی و بدون تنش در دو آزمایش جداگانه بهصورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت در سال زراعی 94-1393 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر خشکی، ژنوتیپ و اثرمتقابل دو فاکتور بر صفات عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، مساحت برگ پرچم، تعداد پنجه و درصد باروری دانه معنیدار بود. تنش خشکی در مرحله زایشی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه (47/59%)، درصد باروری دانه (08/19%)، ارتفاع بوته (35/9%)، مساحت برگ پرچم (59/8%) و طول خوشه (61/1%) شد. شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI)، میانگین بهرهوری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهرهوری (GMP) و میانگین هارمونیک (HM) بهعنوان شاخصهای برتر بودند و از آنها برای معرفی ژنوتیپهای مقاوم و یا متحمل به تنش خشکی و با عملکرد بالا در شرایط دارای تنش خشکی و بدون تنش استفاده شد. با توجه به شاخصهای مذکور، ژنوتیپهای 1، 2، 3، 4 و 5 (لاینهای موتانت M5 از رقم طارم محلی) و (لاین موتانت M5 از رقم هاشمی) متحمل به تنش خشکی و ژنوتیپهای 14 (لاین موتانت از رقم خزر)، 15 (هاشمی)، 16 (خزر) و 17 (طارم) حساس به تنش خشکی شناسایی شدند. بنابراین موتاسیون سبب ایجاد تحمل به تنش خشکی در نتاج شده است و لذا میتوان از لاینهای فوق در پروژههای معرفی ارقام مقاوم یا متحمل به خشکی استفاده نمود.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38102_2ea9f5b9e8524cb0d81e739b901edc57.pdf
2018-03-21
191
202
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61793
تجزیه مؤلفههای اصلی
لاین موتانت
عملکرد دانه
مرحله زایشی
هاشم
امینپناه
haminpanah@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت
AUTHOR
پیمان
شریفی
peyman.sharifi@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی اکبر
عبادی
ebady_al@yahoo.com
3
موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور
AUTHOR
1. Bouslama, M., and Schapaugh, W. T. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. Part I: Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science 24: 933-937.
1
2. Davatgar, N., Neishabouri, M. R., Sepaskhah, A. R., and Soltan, A., 2009. Physiological and morphological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to varying water stress management strategies. International Journal of Plant Production 3: 19-32.
2
3. Dehghani, H., Omidi, H., and Sabaghnia, N. 2008. Graphic analysis of trait relations for rapeseed using the biplot method. Agronomy Journal 100 (5): 1443-1449.
3
4. Erfani, F., Shokrpour, M., Momeni, A., and Erfani, A. 2012. Evaluation of drought tolerance in rice varieties using yield-based indices at vegetative and reproductive stage. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 23 (4): 136-147. (in Persian).
4
5. Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective Selection Criteria for Assessing Plant Stress Tolerance. In: Kuo, C. G. (Ed.). Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress Tolerance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress. AVRDC Publication, Tainan, Shanhua, Taiwan. Pp, 257-270.
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6. Fischer, K. S., Lafitte, R., Fukai, S., Atlin, G., and Hardy, B. 2003. Breeding Rice for Drought-Prone Environments. Los Baños: IRRI, 98.
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7. Fischer, R., and Maurer, R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Crop and Pasture Science 29: 897-912.
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8. Gavuzzi, P., Rizza, F., Palumbo, M., Campaline, R. G., Ricciardi, G. L., and Brghi, B. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory of drought and heat stress in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77 (4): 523-531.
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9. Ghiasy Oskoee, M., Farahbakhsh, H., Sabouri, H., and Mohammadinejad, G. 2013. Evaluation of rice cultivars in drought and normal conditions based on sensitive and tolerance indices. Eectronic Journal of Crop Poduction 6 (4): 55-75. (in Persian).
9
10. Ghiasy Oskoee, M., Farahbakhsh, H., Sabouri, H., and Mohammadinejad, G. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components in rice landraces and improved cultivars under Gonbad Kavous environmental condition. Cereal Research 2 (3): 165-179. (in Persian).
10
11. Kohansal Vajargah, F., Amiri, E., Paknejad F., Vazan S., Kohansal Vajargah, S., and Motamedi. M. 2010. Determination of the suitable drought resistance indices in rice varieties. Journal of Crop Production Research 2 (4): 299-313. (in Persian).
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12. Lafitte, H. R., Price, A. H., and Courtois, B. 2004. Yield response to water deficit in an upland rice mapping population: Associations among traits and genetic markers. Field Crops Research 6: 1237-1246.
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13. O'Toole, J. C., Namuco, and O. S. 1983. Role of panicle exertion in water-stress induced sterility. Crop Science 23: 1093-1097.
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14. Rahimi, M., Dehghani, H., Rabiei, B., and Tarang, A. R. 2013. Evaluation of rice segregating population based on drought tolerance criteria and biplot analysis. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 5 (3): 194-199
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15. Rosielle, A., and Hamblin, J. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science 21: 943-946.
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16. Safaei Chaeikar, S., Rabiei, B., Samizadeh, H., and Esfahani, M. 2008. Evaluation of tolerance to terminal drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 9 (4): 315-331. (in Persian).
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17. Schnider, K. A., Rosales-Serna, R., Ibarra-Perez, F., Cazares-Enriques, B., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., Ramirez-Vallejo, P., Wassimi, N., and Kelly, J. D. 1997. Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop Science 37: 43-50.
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18. Venuprasad, R., Sta Cruz, M. T., Amante, M., Magbanua, R., Kumar, A., and Atlin, G. N. 2008. Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research 107: 232-244.18.
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19. Yang, J., and Zhang, J. 2010. Crop management technique to enhance harvest index in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 61 (12): 3177- 3189.
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20. Zubaer, M., Chowdhury, A., Islam, M., Ahmed, T., and Hasan, M. 2007. Effects of water stress on growth and yield attributes of aman rice genotypes. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 2: 25-30.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واکنش چند رقم گندم نان به محلولپاشی فرمهای مختلف روی و آهن در دو منطقه با خاک متفاوت
روی (Zn) و آهن (Fe) از عناصر ریزمغذی ضروری برای رشد گیاه و انسان هستند و کمبود آنها در رژیم غذایی، یک مشکل بزرگ تغذیهای در دنیا بهحساب میآید. به منظور بررسی اثر محلولپاشی فرمهای مختلف روی و آهن بر اجزای عملکرد، صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دانه برخی ارقام گندم در دو منطقه با خصوصیات خاک متفاوت، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در سال زراعی 95-1394 به اجرا درآمد. عوامل مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از: ارقام گندم (شامل روشن و بککراس روشن (ارقام قدیمی)، بم و افق (ارقام جدید))، مصرف روی در سه سطح محلولپاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفاتروی و کلاتروی و مصرف آهن نیز در سه سطح محلولپاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفاتآهن و کلاتآهن (معادل 5/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار). نتایج نشان داد که ارقام جدید از ارتفاع و طول پدانکل کمتر و طول دوره پر شدن دانه، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت بیشتری برخوردار بودند. محلولپاشی روی و آهن منجر به بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد دانه شد و محلولپاشی سولفاتروی و سولفاتآهن در هر دو منطقه مورد بررسی (بهخصوص در منطقه امیرآباد با شوری و pH بیشتر خاک) نتیجه بهتری در مقایسه با فرم کلاته این عناصر داشت. درنهایت با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، کشت ارقام جدید بم و افق و محلولپاشی فرمهای سولفاته روی و آهن برای تولید گندم در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه توصیه میگردد.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38104_ce8600c318e30452147956ed491a00da.pdf
2018-03-21
203
216
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61570
اجزای عملکرد
شوری
عملکرد دانه
عناصر ریزمغذی
الیاس
آرزمجو
elias.arazmjo@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه بیرجند
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمدعلی
بهدانی
mabehdani@birjand.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
سهراب
محمودی
smahmoodi@birjand.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
بهزاد
صادق زاده
behzada4@yahoo.com
4
موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور
AUTHOR
1. Ahmadi, A., Ehsanzadeh, P., and Jabbari, F. 2005. Introduction to plant physiology. Tehran University Press. 681p. (in Persian).
1
2. Alloway, B. J. 2008. Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition. Int. Zinc Assoc. (IZA), Belgium, 128p.
2
3. Barton, L. L., and Abadia, J. 2006. Iron nutrition in plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. Dordrecht: Springer. 477p.
3
4. Bukvic, G., Antunovicm, M., Popovic, S., and Rastija, M. 2003. Effect of P and Zn fertilization on biomass, yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays L.). Plant, Soil and Environment 49: 505-510.
4
5. Cakmak, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification? Plant and Soil 302: 1-17.
5
6. Collaku, A., and Harrison, S. A. 2002. Losses in wheat due to water logging. Crop Sci 42: 444-450.
6
7. Dasalkar, J. S., Rudraksha, G. B., Law, B. T., and Rachewad, S. N. 1992. Direct and residual effect of different zinc source on growth, yield and quality of sorghum and wheat. Annals of Plant Physiology 6: 21-23.
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8. Fageria, N. K. and Baligar, V. C. 2005. Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. In: Hillel D (Eds.), Nutrient Availability. San Diego, CA: Elsevier 63- 71.
8
9. Fang, Y., Wang, L., Xin, Z., Zhao, L., An, X., and Hu, Q. 2008. Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc, Selenium, and Iron Fertilizers on Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Rice Grain in China. J. Agric. Food Chemistry 56: 2079-2084.
9
10. Fernandez, V., Orera, I., Abadia, J., and Abadia, A. 2009. Foliar iron fertilization of fruit trees: present knowledge and future perspectives - a review. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 84: 1-6.
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11. Fischer, R. A. 2011. Wheat physiology: a review of recent development. Crop and Pasture Science 62: 95-114.
11
12. Graham, R. D., Ascher, J. S., and Hynes, S. C. 1992. Selecting zinc-efficient cereal genotypes for soils of low zinc status. Plant and Soil 146: 241-250.
12
13. Haghbahari, M., and Seyyed Sharifi, R. 2014. Influence of seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, grain filling rate and period of wheat in different levels of soil salinity. Environmental stresses in crop sciences 6 (1): 65-75. (in Persian with English abstract).
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14. Haslett, B. S., Reid, R. J., and Rengel, Z., 2001. Zinc mobility in wheat: uptake and distribution of zinc applied to leaves or roots. Annals of Botany 87 (3): 379-386.
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15. Izedi Kherameh, H., Balouchi, H., and Shabani, S. 2012. Effect of soil application of Fe and ZnSO4 on grain yield and yield components of wheat at different sowing dates. Plant Ecophysiology 4 (1): 37-46. (in Persian with English abstract).
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16. Kamaraki, H., and Galavi, M. 2012. Evaluation of foliar Fe, Zn and B micronutrients application on quantitative and qualitative traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Agroecology 4 (3): 201-206. (in Persian with English abstract).
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18. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H., Razizadeh, E. S., Eshghizadeh, H. R., Sharifi, H. R., Savaghebi, Gh., Afiuni, D., and Tadayonnejad, M. 2012. Comparison of different spring wheat genotypes based on their response to iron fertilization in a calcareous soil. Journal of Water and Soil 15 (58): 99-107. (in Persian with English abstract).
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20. Maralian, H., Didar Taleshmikail, R., Shahbazi, K., and Torabi Giglou, M. 2009. Study of the Effects of Foliar Application of Fe and Zn on Wheat Quality and Quantity Properties. Agricultural Research 8 (4): 47-59. (in Persian with English abstract).
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21. Moshiri, F., Ardalan, M., Tehrani, M. M., and Savaghebi, Gh. 2010. Zinc efficiency of wheat cultivars in a calcareous soil with low zinc status. Journal of Water and Soil 24 (1): 145-153. (in Persian with English abstract).
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22. Munns, R., and James, A. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil 253: 201-218.
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23. Pahlavan Rad, M. R., Keykha, G., and Naroui Rad, M. R. 2008. Effects of application of Zn, Fe and Mn on yield, yield component, nutrient concentration and uptake in wheat grain. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 79: 142-150. (in Persian with English abstract).
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24. Potarzycki, J., and Grzebisz, M. 2009. Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant, Soil and Environment 55: 519-527.
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25. Raesee, N., Vakili, S. M. A., Sarhady, G., and Rorkynegad, F. 2015. Effects of manure, iron and zinc fertilizers on yield and yield components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 31 (1): 138-149. (in Persian with English abstract).
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26. Rodriguez-Lucena, P., Apaolaza-Hernandez, L., Lucena, J. J. 2010. Comparison of iron chelates and complexes supplied as foliar sprays and in nutrient solution to correct iron chlorosis of soybean. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 173: 120-126.
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27. Sadeghzadeh, B. 2013. A review of zinc nutrition and plant breeding. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13 (4): 905-927.
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28. Sadeghzadeh, B., and Rengel, Z. 2011. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. In: Hawkesford M. J, Barraclough, P. B. (eds.), The molecular and physiological basis of nutrient use efficiency in crops. Wiley: 335-375.
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29. Sadeghzadeh, B., Rengel, Z., and Li, C. 2009. Differential zinc efficiency of barley genotypes grown in soil and chelator-buffered nutrient solution. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32 (10): 1744 -1767.
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30. Sadeghzadeh, B., Sadeghzadeh, N., and Sepehr, E. 2016. Barley genotypes differing in zinc efficiency when grown in various soil types. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science 12: 1-13.
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31. Salgueiro, M. J., Zubillaga, M., Lysionek, A., Sarabia, M. I., Caro, R., De Paoli, T., Hager, A., Weill, R., and Boccio, J. 2006. Zinc as an essential micronutrient: a review. Nutrition Research 20 (5): 737-755.
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32. Seilsepour, M. 2003. The effect of micronutrients iron, zinc and manganese on yield and yield components of wheat in saline conditions. Proceedings of the 7th Congress of Crop Sciences, Karaj, Iran. (in Persian).
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33. Seilsepour, M. 2008. The study of Fe and Zn effects on quantitative and qualitative parameters of winter wheat and determination of critical levels of these elements in Varamin plain soils. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 76: 123-133. (in Persian with English abstract).
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35. Slafer, G. A., and Araus, J. L. 2007. Physiological traits for improving wheat yield under a wide range of conditions. In: Spiertz, J. H. J., Struik, P. C., van Laar H. H. (Eds.), Scale and Complexity in Plant Systems Research. Gene-Plant-Crop Relations: 147-156.
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37. Soufizadeh, S., Zand, E., Deihimfard, R., and Esmailzade, S. 2014. Investigation of changes in grain yield and some morphophysiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) in recent decades in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12 (3): 343-359. (in Persian with English abstract).
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38. Stein, A. J. 2010. Global impacts of human mineral malnutrition, Plant and Soil 335: 133-154.
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39. Thalooth, M., Tawfik, M., and Magda Mohamed, H. 2006. A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of Zinc, Potassium and Magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of Mungbean plants growth under Water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2: 37-46.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر انواع شخم و گیاهان پوششی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم
بهمنظور بررسی اثر کاربرد گیاهان پوششی در یک نظام زراعی مبتنی بر گندم و همچنین مطالعه اثر روشهای شخم در این نظام، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. سه نوع روش خاکورزی (شامل عدم خاکورزی، خاکورزی کاهشی و خاکورزی رایج) بهعنوان عامل اصلی و گیاهان پوششی در 5 سطح (شامل خلر، منداب، جو ترش، تریتیکاله و عدم کشت گیاه پوششی بهعنوان شاهد) بهعنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر روش خاکورزی بر تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، وزن سنبله در مترمربع، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه معنیدار (P
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10.22067/gsc.v16i1.62248
شخم کاهشی
عدم شخم
کشاورزی پایدار
کشاورزی حفاظتی
زهرا
شریفی
zahrasharefee@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
سید وحید
اسلامی
sveslami@birjand.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بیرجند
LEAD_AUTHOR
مجید
جامی الاحمدی
mjamialahmadi@birjand.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
سهراب
محمودی
smahmoodi@birjand.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه بیرجند
AUTHOR
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1
2. Allen, D. E., Singh, B. P., and Dalal, R. C. 2011. Soil health indicators under climate change: a review of current knowledge PP 25–45 in Singh, B. P., Cowie, A. L., Chan, K. Y. (Eds.), Soil Health and Climate Change. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
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3. Amini, A., Rajaie, M., and Farsinezhad, K. 2014. Effects of different plant residue under different tillage practices on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 16: 27-37. (in Persian with English abstract).
3
4. Araya, T., Cornelis, W. M., Nyssen, J., Govaerts, B., Getnet, F., Bauer, H., Amare, K., Raes, D., Haile, M., and Deckers, J. 2012. Medium-term effects of conservation agriculture based cropping systems for sustainable soil and water management and crop productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. Field Crops Research 132: 53-62.
4
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5
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6
7. Carrera, L. M., Abdul-Baki, A. A., and Teasdel, J. R. 2004. Cover crop management and weed suppression in No-tillage Sweet corn production. HortScience 39 (6): 1262-1266.
7
8. Carvalho, M., and Lourenco, E., 2014. Conservation Agriculture – A Portuguese Case Study. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 200: 317-324.
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10. De Vita, P., Di Paolo, E., Fecondo, G., Di Fonzo, N., and Pisante, M. 2007. No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil & Tillage Research 92: 69-78.
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11. Dinesh, R., Suryanayarana, M. A., Nair, A. K., and Ghoshal Chaudhhuri, S. 2001. Leguminous cover crop effects on nitrogen mineralization rates and kinetics in soils. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 187: 161-166.
11
12. Duiker, S. W., and Curran. W. S. 2005. Rye cover crop management for corn production in the northern mid-atlantic region. Agronomy Journal 97: 1413-1418.
12
13. Fageria, N. K., Baligar, V. C., and Bailey, B. A., 2005. Role of cover crops in improving soil and row crop productivity. Journal of Communications Soil Science Plant Analysis 36: 2733-2757.
13
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14
15. Gadermaier, F., Berner, A., Fliebach, A., Friedel, J. K., and Mader, P. 2011. Impact of reduced tillage on soil organic carbon and nutrient budgets under organic farming. Renew Agriculture and Food Systems: pp 1-13.
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16. Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D., Goudeseune, B., De Corte, P., Lichter, K., Dendooven, L., and Deckers, J. 2009. Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central Mexican highlands. Soil & Tillage Research 103: 222-230.
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17. Hemmat, A., and Eskandari, I. 2004. Tillage system effects upon productivity winter wheat chickpea rotation in the northwest region of Iran. Soil & tillage Research 78 (11): 69-81.
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18. Hemmat, A., and Eskandari, I. 2006. Dryland winter wheat response to conservation tillage in a continuous cropping system in northwestern Iran. Soil & tillage Research 86: 99-109.
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19. Hobbs, P. R., Sayre, K., and Gupta, R. 2008. The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363: 543-555.
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20. Jahan, M., Aryaee, M., Amiri, M. B., and Ehyaee, H. R. 2013. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobactria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative charactristics of Sesamum indicum L. with application of cover crops of Lathyrus sp. and Persian clover (Trifolium resopinatum L.). Journal of Agroecology 5 (1): 1-15 (in Persian).
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21. Jat, R. A., Wani, S. P., and Sahrawat, K. L. 2012. Conservation Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics: Prospects and Problems. Advances in Agronomy 117: 191-237.
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22. Jat, M. L., Gathala, M. K., Saharawat, Y. S., Tetarwal, J. P., Gupta, R., and Singh, Y. 2013. Double no-till and permanent raised beds in maize–wheat rotation of north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India: effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Field Crops Research 149: 291-299.
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23. Jokela, W. E., Grabber, J. H., Karlen, D. L., Balser, T. C., and Palmquist, D. E. 2009. Cover cropand liquid manure effects on soil quality indicators in a corn silage system. Agronomy Journal 101: 727-737.
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24. Karlen, D. L., Cambardella, C. A., Kovar, J. L., and Colvin, T. S. 2013. Soil quality response to long-term tillage and crop rotation practices. Soil & Tillage Research 133: 54-64.
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25. Kaschuk, G., Alberton, O., and Hungria, M. 2010. Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in Brazilian ecosystems: lessons learned about soil quality and indications for improving sustainability. Soil Biology and Biochemistry Journal 42: 1-13.
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26. Kuo, S., and Jellum, E. J. 2002. Influence of winter cover crop and residue management on soil nitrogen availability and corn. Agronomy Journal 94: 501-508.
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27. Liebman, M., Mohler, C. L., and Staver, C. P. 2004. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. Cambridge University Press, UK.
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28. Miguez, F. E., and Bollero. G. A. 2005. Review of corn Yield response under winter cover cropping systems using meta-analytic methods. Crop Science 45: 2318-2329.
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29. Mirsky, S. B., Ryan, M. R., Curran, W. S., Teasdale, J. R., Maul, J., Spargo J. T., Moyer, J., Grantham, A. M., Weber, D., Way, T. R., and Camargo, G. G. 2012. Conservation tillage issues: Cover crop-based organic rotational no-till grain production in the mid-Atlantic region, USA. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 27: 31-40.
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30. Osunbitan, J. A., Oyedele, D. J., and Adekalu, K. O. 2005. Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in south-western Nigeria. Soil & Tillage Research 82: 57-64.
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31. Parihar, C. M., Jat, S. L., Singh, A. K., Singh, Y., Pradhan, S., Pooniya, V., Dhauja, A., Chaudhary, V., Jat, M. L., Jat, R. K., and Yadav, O. P. 2016. Conservation agriculture in irrigated intensive maize-based systems of north-western India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 193: 104-116.
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32. Piggin, C., Haddad, A., and Khalil, Y. 2011. Development and promotion of zero tillage in Iraq and Syria. 5thWorld Congress of Conservation Agriculture incorporating 3rd Farming Systems Design Conference, September 2011 Brisbane, Australia www.wcca2011.org
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33. Poorhasankhani Dowlatabad, M., Madah Hosseini, Sh., Dashti, H., and Rahimi, A. 2015. Effect of Green Manure on Soil Organic Matter and Some Growth Indices of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Rafsanjan Region. Journal of Plant Products Technology 15 (2): 69-80 (in Persian with English abstract).
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34. Radicetti, E., Mancinelli, R., and Campiglia, E. 2013. Influence of winter cover crop residue management on weeds and yield in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Crop Protection 52: 64-71.
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35. Reeves, D. W. 1994. Cover crops and rotations. In Crops Residue Management. Advances in Soil Science. Hatfield, J. L., and Stewart, B. A. (Eds.). Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 125-172.
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36. Sainju, U. M., and Singh, P. 2001. Tillage, cover crop, and kill- plantation date effects on corn yield and soil nitrogen. Agronomy Journal 93: 878-886.
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37. Samarajeewa K. B. D. P., Horiuchi, T., and Oba, Sh. 2006. Finger millet (Eleucine corocana L. Garetn) as a cover crop on weed control, growth and yield of soybean under different tillage systems. Soil & Tillage Research 90: 93-99.
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38. Shaxson, T. F. 2006. Re-thinking the conservation of carbon, water and soil: a different perspective. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 26: 9-19.
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39. Shao, Y., Xie, Y., Wang, Ch., Yue, J., Yao, Y., Li, X., Liu, W., Zhu, Y., and Guo, T. 2016. Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients, water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China. European Journal of Agronomy 81: 37-45.
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40. Singh, V. K., Singh, Y., Dwivedi, B. S., Singh, K. S., Majumdar, K., Jat, M. L., Mishra, R. P., and Rani, M. 2016. Soil physical properties: yield trends and economics after five years of conservation agriculture based rice-maize system in north-western India. Soil & Tillage Research 155: 133-148.
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41. Teasdale, J. R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Production Agriculture 9: 475-479.
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43. Tripathi, R. S., Raju, R., and Thimmappa, K. 2013. Impact of Zero Tillage on Economics of Wheat Production in Haryana. Agricultural Economics Research Review 26 (1): 101-108.
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44. Unger, P. W., and Jones, O. R. 1998. Long-term tillage and cropping systems affect bulk density and penetration resistance of soil cropped to dryland wheat and grain sorghum. Soil & Tillage Research 45: 39-57.
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45. Usman, K., Khan, E. A., Khan, N., Khan, M. A., Ghulam, S., Khan, S., and Baloch, J. 2013. Effect of Tillage and Nitrogen on Wheat Production, Economics, and Soil Fertility in Rice-Wheat Cropping System. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 17-25.
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48. Zhao, M. Q., Hao, J. G., She, D. Q., Zhao, S. J., Fan, X. Q., and Liu, H. T. 2007. Conservation tillage in the interlock region of the farming area and pastoral area. Journal of Agriculture Mechanization Research 2: 122-125.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه تغذیه برگی کلات آهن به فرمهای نانو و معمول بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر محلول پاشی کلات آهن به فرمهای معمول و نانو بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زیره سبز آزمایشی در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعهای واقع در شهر اصفهان بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. دور آبیاری بهعنوان عامل اصلی شامل فواصل آبیاری پنج، 10 و 15 روز و محلولپاشی کلات آهن بهعنوان عامل فرعی در پنج سطح شامل شاهد (محلولپاشی با آب)، 2 گرم در لیتر کلات آهن به فرم معمول، 2 گرم در لیتر نانو کلات آهن، 4 گرم در لیتر کلات آهن به فرم معمول و 4 گرم در لیتر نانو کلات آهن در نظر گرفته شد. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد چتر با مقادیر 6/15 و 4/11 در بوته بهترتیب از دور پنج و 15 روز آبیاری بهدست آمد. کمترین ارتفاع بوته بهمیزان 3/21 سانتیمتر در تیمار شاهد (عدم محلولپاشی) مشاهده گردید. کمترین وزن هزار دانه (5/1 گرم)، عملکرد دانه (7/610 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (1767 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط عدم محلولپاشی و دور آبیاری 15 روز مشاهده گردید. کاربرد 2 گرم در لیتر نانو کلات آهن توانست بهاندازه کاربرد 4 گرم در لیتر کلات آهن به فرم معمول، عملکرد دانه زیره سبز را افزایش دهد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، میتوان اظهار داشت در شرایط تنش خشکی، با محلولپاشی کلات آهن بهخصوص به فرم نانو میتوان تا حد زیادی اثرات سوء ناشی از تنش خشکی را تعدیل و عملکرد دانه گیاه را افزایش داد.
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10.22067/gsc.v16i1.63206
دور آبیاری
عملکرد بیولوژیک
گیاه دارویی
نانو ذرات
عباس
نصیری دهسرخی
abasnasiri110@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه زابل
LEAD_AUTHOR
احمد
قنبری
ghanbari@uoz.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
ویدا
ورناصری قند علی
vidavarnaseri@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه زابل
AUTHOR
1. Abd El-Kader, A. A., Shaaban, S. M., and Abd El-Fattah, M. S. 2010. Effect of irrigation levels and organic compost on okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown in sandy calcareous soil. Agriculture Biology Journal North America 1: 225-231.
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2. Ahmadi, J., Seyfi, M. M., and Amini, M. 2013. Effect of spraying micronutrients Fe, Zn and Ca on grain and oil yield of sesame (Sesamus indicum L.) varieties. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 5 (3): 115-130. (in Persian with English abstract).
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3. Ahmadian, A. 2004. Effect of irrigation frequency and manure on yield and quality of cumin. MSc Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol. (in Persian).
3
4. Aminpoor, R., and Musavi, S. F. 1995. The effect of irrigation times on developmental stages, yield and its components of cumin. Agriculture Science Natural Resource Journal 1: 1-7. (in Persian).
4
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر روش کاشت پشته مرتفع و نیتروژن بر شاخصهای کارایی نیتروژن و عملکرد گندم
این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر کاشت پشته مرتفع و سطوح اوره بر شاخصهای کارایی نیتروژن، عملکرد کمی و محتوای نیتروژن گندم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 95-1394 انجام شد. دو روش کاشت (مرسوم و پشته مرتفع) و پنج سطح صفر، 100، 200، 300 و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار بهترتیب بهعنوان عاملهای اصلی و فرعی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه و شاخصهای کارایی نیتروژن (جذب، تبدیل و مصرف) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل روش کاشت و کود اوره بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه، کارایی جذب، تبدیل و مصرف نیتروژن معنیدار (05/0≥p) بود. بالاترین و پایینترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن بهترتیب برای تیمار پشته مرتفع و بدون مصرف نیتروژن (45/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (14/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) بهدست آمد. شاخصهای کارایی جذب و مصرف نیتروژن در روش پشته مرتفع بالاتر از روش رایج بود. بیشترین و کمترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بهترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای پشته مرتفع و شاهد (65/36 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (63/10 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) بود. با افزایش مصرف اوره از صفر به 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن 62 درصد کاهش یافت.
https://jcesc.um.ac.ir/article_38110_93d5fc32e953fb53390e0386606fcba6.pdf
2018-03-21
243
261
10.22067/gsc.v16i1.63385
پشته مرتفع
عملکرد دانه
کارایی تبدیل نیتروژن
محتوی نیتروژن
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@um.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
سرور
خرم دل
khorramdel@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
جواد
شباهنگ
ja.shabahang@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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