تاثیر مقادیر و زمان کاربرد کود ریزمغذی بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L. )

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شاهد تهران

چکیده

گلرنگ یکی از دانه های روغنی سازگار به طیف وسیعی از شرایط خاکی ایران است که کمبود عناصر ریزمغذی سبب کاهش عملکرد کمی و کیفی آن می شود. به منظور بررسی تاثیر میزان و زمان مصرف کود ریزمغذی بر عملکرد دانه، اجزاء عملکرد و ویژگی های کیفی روغن دانه گلرنگ ژنوتیپ Mex141 آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. عامل ها شامل محلولپاشی برگی کود ریزمغذی در چهار سطح (1- بدون مصرف کود ریزمغذی (F 1)، 2- مصرف 5/2 کیلوگرم (F 2)، 3- مصرف 3 کیلوگرم (F 3) و 4- مصرف 5/4 کیلوگرم در هکتار (F 4)) و زمان کاربرد (3 T1= ، 4 T2= و 5 T3= هفته) کود پس از شکل گیری طبق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که صفات شروع و خاتمه گل دهی، طول دوره گل دهی، ارتفاع اولین شاخه زایشی (طبق)، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد دانه در طبق، قطر طبق، عملکرد دانه، محتوی روغن و پروفیل اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع روغن تحت تاثیر مقادیر کود ریزمغذی و زمان کاربرد آن و برهم کنش آنها قرار گرفت. با افزایش مصرف کود ریزمغذی، عملکرد دانه افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان آن (1/1791 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد 3 کیلوگرم کود ریزمغذی در 4 هفته پس از شکل گیری طبق حاصل شد. میزان کود بر محتوی اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع روغن دانه تاثیر داشت به طوری که بیشترین میزان اسید چرب (92/15درصد) تک باند دوگانه اولئیک (18:1) بدون یا با مصرف کمترین میزان کود ریزمغذی بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین میزان (97/75 درصد) اسید چرب با دو باند دوگانه لینولئیک (18:2) با مصرف 5/4 کیلوگرم درهکتار ریزمغذی و بیشترین میزان (29/0 درصد) اسید چرب با سه باند دوگانه اسید چرب لینولنیک (18:3) با مصرف متعادل (3 کیلوگرم درهکتار) کود ریزمغذی حاصل شد. اثر برهم کنش کود ریزمغذی و زمان کاربرد کود بر محتوی اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع نظیر لینولئیک (18:2) و لینولنیک (18:3) معنی دار (01/0 p

کلیدواژه‌ها


1- Alturkci, and M. Helal. 2004. Mobilization to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, in polluted soil. pak. Biol. Sci. 7, Pp 1972-1980.
2- Ardell D. H., J. W. Brian and L. B. Alfred. 2001. Tillage and nitrogen fertilization influence grain and soil nitrogen in an annual cropping system. Agronomy Journal. 93: 836-841
3- Babhulkar, P., K. Dinesh, W. Badole, S. Balpande, and D. Kar. 2000. Effect of sulfur and zinc on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by safflower in vertisols. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 48: 541-543.
4- Baldini, M., R. Giovanardi and G. Vannozzi. 2000. Effect of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids. In: Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference, Toulouse I, and A79–84.
5- Borges, I.D., R. C. Von Pinho, and A. R. Pereira. 2009. Micronutrients accumulation at different maize development stages. Science. Agrotecnic. Lavras, 33(4):1018-1025.
6- Brown, J., and D. Wysocki. 2003. Identifying superior brassica species and cultivars within species that are suitable for direct seeding throughout the Pacific Northwest region. STEEP. Annual Report. Agnew. Botanic 61, 287_303.
7- Burnell, J., R.Graham, R. Hannam, and N. Vern. 1988. The biochemistry of manganese in plants. Manganese in soil and plants, Pp 125-137.
8- Burton, W. A, P. Salisbury and D. Potts 2003. The potential of canola quality Brassica juncea as an oilseed crop for Australia. Proceedings 13 Th Biennial Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas, Tamworth, N.S.W. pp. 62-64. Bendigo, 129-133.
9- Cakmak, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic bio-fortification? Plant Soil, 302, Pp 1–17.
10- Camas, N., and E. Esendal. 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, 143, Pp 55-57.
11- Colbach, N., C. Clermont -Dauphin and J. M. Meynard. 2001 .A model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers: I. Temporal evolution of a population of rapeseed volunteers in a field. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 83, 235-253
12- Daniel J. C. Miralles, Brenda Ferro and A. Gustavo Slafer. 2001. Developmental responses to sowing date in wheat, barley and rapeseed. Field Crops Research, 71, 3, 211-223.
13- Dwivedi, S., H. Upadhyaya and D. Hegde, 2005. Development of core collection using geographic information and morphological descriptors in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm. Crop Evol, 52, Pp 821-830.
14- Firozeh, F., A. H., Shirani Rad, A. Razaie, M. R. Naderi, and S. A. Bani Taba. 2006. Effect of planting pattern on grain yield and its components in spring safflower in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8 (3), Pp 259-267.
15- Gadallah, M. 2000. Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit. Arid Environ, 44, Pp 451–467.
16- Govaerts, C., and J. Lemey. 2000. Characterization of triglycerides Isolated from jojoba oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 77, 1325-1328.
17- Graham, A. and G. K. Mcdonald. 2000. Effects of zinc on hotosynthesis and yield of wheat under heat stress. Aust. Agron. Conf, Pp 27-33.
18- Gunstone, F. D., J. L. Harwood, and A. J. Dijkstra. 2007. (eds.) The Lipid Handbook (Third Edition) (Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Fl,
19- Hernan, S. R., E. E. Hernan, A. S. Guillermo, and D. German. 2000. Evaluation of the presidedress soil nitrogen test for no-tillage maize fertilizer at planting. Agronomy Journal, 92: 1176-1183.
20- Izquierdo, I., F. Caravaca, M. M. Alguacil and A. Roldn. 2003. Changes in physical and biological soil quality indicators in a tropical crop system (Havana, Cuba) in response to different agroecological management practices, Environ. Manag. 32, 639–645.
21- Kaya, C. and D. Higgs. 2002. Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivarsto foliar application of zinc when grown in sand culture at low zinc. Sci. Hortic, 93, Pp 53–64.
22- Khan, H., G. McDonald, and Z. Rengel. 2003. Zn fertilization improves water use efficiency, grain yield and seed Zn content in chickpea. Plant Soil, 249, Pp 389-400.
23- Krishnappa, M., C., Srinivasan, & I.Sastry, 1994. Effect of Macro and Micronutrients on oil content groundnut. Agricultural Sciences, 23, Pp 7-9.
24- Lewis, D. and J. McFarlane. 1986. Effect of foliar applied manganese on the growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and the diagnosis of manganese deficiencyby plant tissue and seed analysis. Aust. Agric. Res, 37, Pp 567–572.
25- Lidon, F. and M. Teixerira. 2000. Rice tolerance to excess Mn: implication in thechloroplast lamellae synthesis of a novelMn protein. Plant Physiol. Biochem, 38, Pp 969–978.
26- Mcnall, L. R. 1967. Foliar application of micronutrients. Fertilizer 11 (6), Pp 10-13.
27- Mirzapour, M. and A. Khoshgoftar. 2006. Zinc application effects on yield and seedoil content of sunflower grown on a saline calcareous soil. Plant Nutr, 29, Pp 1719–1727.
28- Mortvedt, G. G. 1986. Iron sources and management practices for correcting iron chlorosis problems. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 9, Pp 691-974.
29- Naderi darbagshahi, M., G., Nor mohamadi, A. Majidi, F. Datvish, A. Shirani rad, and H. Madani. 2004. Study of plant density and drought stress effect on 3 line ecophysiology attributes of safflower in summer plant in Esfahan. Plant and Seed,2(3) , Pp 281-296
30- Norabadi, A., D. Tagvavi, A. Hasan zade gort tape, and F. Helali. 2009. Plant history and Nutrition spray effect for seed yield and yield component of Azargol character sunflower. Research magazine in Agriculture Sciences(4), Pp 51-59.
31- Omidi H., Z. Tahmasebi, H. A. Naghdi Badi, H. Torabi, and M. Miransari. 2010. Fatty acid composition of canola (Brassica napus L.), as affected by agronomical, genotypic and environmental parameters. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333, (3), Pp 248-254.
32- Omidi, H., A. Soroushzadeh, A. Salehi, F. A. D. Ghezeli. 2005. Rapeseed germination as affected by osmopriming pretreatment. Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 19(2):125-136.
33- Pandey, N., G. Pathak, and C. Sharma. 2006. Zinc is critically required for pollenfunction and fertilisation in lentil. Trace Elem. Med. Biol, 20, Pp 89–96.
34- Pinto, A., M. Mota, and A. Varennes. 2005. Influence of organic matter on the uptakc of zinc, copper and iron by Sorghum plants. Sci. Total Environ, 326, Pp 239-247.
35- Roldn, J., R. M. Salinas-Garca, M. Alguacil, and F. Caravaca. 2005. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field. Applied Soil Ecology. 30, 11-20.
36- Sagare, B., Y. Guhe, and A. Ater. 1990. Yield and nutrient harvest by sunflower in response to sulphur and magnesium application in typical chromusterts. Annals of Plant Physiology, 4, Pp 15-21.
37- Sarkar, D., B. Mandal, and M. Kundu. 2007. Increasing use efficiency of boron fertilizers by rescheduling the time and methods of application for crops in India. Plant and Soil, 301, Pp 77-85.
38- Scott, D.J., da B. M. T., S. C., Costa, Espy, J. D. Keasling, and K. Cornish, 2003. Activation and inhibition of rubber transferases by metal cofactors and pyrophosphate substrates. Phytochemistry, 64, 123-134.
39- Sultana, N., T. Ikeda, and M. Kashem. 2001. Effect of foliar spray of nutrient solutions on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield in seawater-stressed rice. Environ, 46, Pp 129-140.
40- Tobares, L., C. A., Guzmn, D. M., Maestri. 2002. Caracterizacin de las ceras de jojoba de produccin Argentina obtenidas mediante differences metodologıas. Aceites Grasas 49, 516520.
41- Weiss, E. 2000. Oilseed Crops. Blackwell Publishing Limited, London, UK.
42- Wissuwa, M., A. Ismail, and R. Graham. 2008. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant Soil, 306, Pp 37-48.
43- Yari, L., A. Modarres sanavi, and A. Sorushzade. 2004. Effect of Mn and Zn foliar fertilizer application in charateristics of spring safflower five species, Water and Soil, 18, Pp 143-151.
CAPTCHA Image