بررسی اثر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اسانس دو توده بومی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی در منطقه کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

جهت بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی (N.P.K) بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی مرزه در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش خشکی، پژوهشی در قالب دو طرح کرت‌های یکبار خرد شده با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1392 -1391 در مزرعه دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان اجرا شد. در هر طرح عامل اصلی کود گاوی (30 تن در هکتار)، کود مرغی (10 تن در هکتار)، کود شیمیایی (معادل عناصر غذایی پرمصرف موجود در کود گاوی و مرغی) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) و عامل فرعی دو توده بومی مرزه (محلی کرمان و محلی خوزستان) بود. در یکی از طرح‌ها 100% و در طرح دیگر 50% ظرفیت زراعی آبیاری انجام شد و طرح‌ها به‌صورت مرکب آنالیز شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی، عملکرد اسانس، محتوی نسبی آب و شاخص کلروفیل و عملکرد گیاه شد، ولی بر درصد اسانس آن معنی‌دار نبود. نشت یونی در شرایط تنش افزایش یافت. اثر کودها بر تمامی صفات به‌جز محتوی نسبی آب و درصد اسانس معنی‌دار بود و باعث افزایش ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه فرعی، عملکرد، شاخص کلروفیل و عملکرد اسانس نسبت به گیاهان شاهد شدند، همچنین نشت یونی را نسبت به شاهد کاهش دادند. دو توده از نظر ارتفاع، عملکرد دانه، تعداد شاخه فرعی و نشت یونی تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. توده کرمان عملکرد بهتری نسبت به توده خوزستان از خود نشان داد. به‌طور کلی مرزه در واکنش به کودهای آلی به‌ویژه گاوی، به دلیل قدرت نگهداری زیادتر رطوبت در مقایسه با کودهای شیمیایی، پاسخ بهتری به شرایط تنش خشکی نشان داد و عملکرد بالاتری داشت. به نظر می‌رسد استفاده از کودگاوی در شرایط محدودیت رطوبت، برای غلبه بر اثرات منفی تنش خشکی مفید می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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