ارزیابی تأثیر تناوب و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و شاخص‌های کارآیی نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

2 دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین تناوب دوگانه و میزان نیتروژن از نظر کارآیی زراعی، فیزیولوژیک، بازیافت و شاخص برداشت نیتروژن آزمایشی در سال زراعی 92-1391 در ایلام به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی در شش سطح شامل (آیش، گیاهان پرکو، بوکو، شبدر برسیم، تربچه روغنی و ترکیب سه گیاه رامتیل، فاسیلیا، شبدر برسیم) و فاکتور فرعی کود نیتروژن در چهار سطح (صفر، توصیه کودی، 50% کمتر و 50% بیشتر از توصیه کودی) در نظر گرفته شد. میان سطوح فاکتور اصلی از نظر عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت. تناوب بوکو: گندم با میانگین 8345 کیلوگرم بالاترین و تناوب آیش: گندم با 4491 کیلوگرم کمترین دانه را تولید نمود. بیشترین جذب نیتروژن در تناوب بوکو: گندم و کمترین در تناوب شبدر: گندم مشاهده شد. اختلاف میان تناوب‌های مختلف از نظر کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن معنی‌دار بود و در تناوب تربچه‌روغنی: گندم به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن مصرفی عملکرد اقتصادی 36/20 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافت. با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن به‌جز تناوب آیش: گندم کارآیی زراعی سایر تناوب‌ها کاهش یافت. کارآیی فیزیولوژیک نیتروژن در تناوب آیش: گندم بیش از سایر تناوب‌ها بود و به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن جذب شده حدود 39 کیلوگرم عملکرد تناوب افزایش یافت. بیشترین کارآیی بازیافت نیتروژن در تناوب تربچه روغنی: گندم حدود 45% و پرکو: گندم حدود 36% مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص برداشت نیتروژن در تناوب بوکو: گندم (5/86%)، و پرکو: گندم (85%) و کمترین شاخص در تناوب آیش: گندم (28/79%) مشاهده گردید. در نهایت تناوب پرکو: گندم و بوکو: گندم به دلیل بالا بودن عملکرد اقتصادی تناوب مناسب و قابل توصیه در منطقه می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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