اثر مالچ و تنش رطوبتی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مالچ بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ارقام لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز در سال 1391 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل تیمار آبیاری در دو سطح (I1 و I2 به‌ترتیب آبیاری بعد از 60 و 120 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A)، کاربرد مالچ در دو سطح (M1 فاقد مالچ و M2 مالچ کلش گندم به میزان دو تن در هکتار) و ارقام لوبیا قرمز شامل اختر و ناز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر مالچ و اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم بر تعداد گره در ریشه و اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم بر تراکم روزنه در برگ لوبیا تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. کاربرد مالچ باعث افزایش تعداد گره در ریشه و تنش رطوبتی (I2) باعث افزایش تراکم روزنه برگ شد. تنش رطوبتی باعث کاهش تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در نیام، وزن صددانه و عملکرد دانه لوبیا گردید. کاربرد مالچ بر تمام صفات به جز تراکم روزنه اثر معنی‌داری داشت و باعث افزایش آنها گردید. اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد معنی‌دار شد. اثر متقابل آبیاری × مالچ × رقم بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار شد. کاربرد مالچ در هر دو تیمار آبیاری، افزایش عملکرد دانه بیشتری را در رقم اختر نسبت به رقم ناز باعث شد. در شرایط با محدودیت آب با کاربرد مالچ می‌توان آب قابل دسترس و عملکرد دانه لوبیا را افزایش داد.

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