اثر تراکم و آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

تعیین آرایش کاشت و تراکم بوته مناسب باعث بهره‌وری بهتر از منابع و افزایش عملکرد در واحد سطح می‌گردد، لذا در همین راستا آزمایشی در مزرعه‏ تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی در دو سال متوالی (1391 و 1392) انجام شد. در این آزمایش از طرح اسپلیت پلات بر پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار استفاده شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل تراکم بوته (30، 40، 50 بوته در مترمربع) و فاکتور فرعی آرایش کاشت (مستطیل، مربع، لوزی) بود. اثر متقابل آرایش کاشت و تراکم بر ماده خشک کل، عملکرد، تعداد دانه در کپسول و تعداد کپسول در بوته معنی‌دار بود. همچنین شاخص برداشت، وزن هزار دانه و تعداد شاخه در بوته نیز تحت تأثیر تراکم بوته قرار گرفت. حداکثر ماده خشک در آرایش کاشت لوزی با تراکم 50 بوته در مترمربع حاصل شد که به ترتیب 8 و 13 درصد بیشتر از آرایش کاشت مربع و مستطیل بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به آرایش کاشت لوزی و تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع به میزان 1100 گرم در مترمربع در سال 1391 بود. بیشترین تعداد دانه و کپسول در بوته در آرایش کاشت لوزی با تراکم 30 بوته در مترمربع به ترتیب به میزان 47 و 2/19 عدد در سال 1391 به‌دست آمد. با افزایش تراکم بوته از 30 به 50 بوته در مترمربع، وزن هزار دانه حدود 13 درصد کاهش یافت. افزایش تراکم بوته از 30 به 50 بوته در واحد سطح منجر به کاهش شاخص برداشت از 31 به 28 درصد شد. براساس نتایج این آزمایش، آرایش کاشت لوزی با تراکم 50 بوته در مترمربع برای کشت کنجد در مشهد مناسب می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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