بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف ارزن تحت دو رژیم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی عملکرد، اجزاء عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف ارزن و تعیین متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ براساس شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان اجرا گردید. سطوح آبیاری براساس تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A شامل سطح اول آبیاری، بدون تنش (50 میلی‌متر تبخیر) و سطح دوم آبیاری، تنش (100 میلی‌متر تبخیر) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف ارزن معمولی و ارزن دم روباهی به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاکی از کاهش معنی‌دار همه صفات زراعی تحت تنش خشکی بود. مقایسه میانگین گروهی بین ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف ارزن بیانگر آن بود که ژنوتیپ‌های ارزن معمولی نسبت به ژنوتیپ‌های ارزن دم روباهی برتری داشتند. از بین شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی شاخص میانگین بهره‌وریMP ، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری GMP، شاخص تحمل تنش STI و شاخص عملکرد YI همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش نشان دادند و شاخص‌های مناسبی برای شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های ارزن متحمل به تنش خشکی می‌باشند. در این آزمایش اکوتیپ گلباف پتانسیل عملکرد زیادتر و تحمل نسبی بیشتری نسبت به تنش خشکی نشان داد و می‌تواند به‌عنوان اکوتیپ امید بخش در معرفی ارقام جدید متحمل به خشکی به‌کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1. Abolhassani, K., and Saeidi, G. 2006. Evaluation of drought tolerance of safflower lines based on tolerance and sensitivity indices to water stress. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural 10: 407-419.
2. Azizinia, S., Ghanadha, M. R., Zali, A. A., Yazdi Samadi, B., and Ahmadi, A. 2005. Evaluation and assess of quantitative traits related to drought tolerance in wheat. Agricultural Sciences 36: 281-292.
3. Bayat, A. A., Sepehri, A., Ahmadvand, G., and Dorri, H. R. 2010. Effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 12 (1): 42-54. (in Persian with English abstract).
4. Bibi, A., Sadaqat, H., Akram, H. M., Khan, T. M., and Usman, B. F. 2010. Physiological and agronomic responses of sudangrass to water stress. Agriciculturar Research 48 (3).
5. Bidinger, F. R., Mahalakshmi, V., and Rao, G. D. P. 1987. Assessment of drought resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke.). II. Estimation of genotype response to stress. Aust. J. Agric. Res 38: 49-59.
6. Blum, A. 2005. Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential- are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive Australian. Agricultural Research 56: 1159-1168.
7. Blum, A. 2011. Plant breeding for water-limited environments. Springer 258 PP.
8. Bouslama, M., and Schapaugh, W. T. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybean. I: Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science 24: 933-937.
9. Bruck, H., Payne, W. A., and Sattelmacher, B. 2000. Effects of phosphorus and water supply on yield, transpiration, water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination of pearl millet. Crop Science 40: 120-125.
10. Conover, D. G., and Sovonick, S. A. 1989. Influence of deficits on the water relations and growth of Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-gali,and Pennisetum americanum. Aus. Journal Plant Physiol 16 (3): 291-304.
11. Emam, Y., Ranjbari, A., and Bahrani, M. J. 2006. Evaluation of yield and yield components in wheat cultivars under post-anthesis drought stress. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. Nat. Research 11: 317-328.
12. Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. In:Kuo, C. G. (ed.). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress. AVRDC Publication, Tainan, Taiwan. pp 257-270.
13. Fischer, R. A., and Maurer, R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I: grain yield response. Aust. J. Agric. Research 29: 897-912.
14. Foulkes, M. J., Sylvester-Bradley, R., Weightman, R., and Snape, J. W. 2007 Identifying physiological traits associated with improved drought resistance in winter wheat. Field Crops Research 103: 11-24.
15. Garavandi, M., Farshadfar, M., and Kahrizi, D. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat advanced genotypes in field and laboratory conditions. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal 26: 233-252.
16. Gavuzzi, P., Rizza, F., Palumbo, M., Campaline, R. G., Ricciardi, G. L., and Borghi, B. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can. Journal Plant Science 77: 523-531.
17. Goldani, M., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2005. Effect of planting date on yield and yield components of land and water, and dry peas in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 12.
18. Gonzalez, A., Bermjo, V., and Gimeno, B. S. 2010. Effect of different physiological traits on grain yield in barley grown under irrigated and terminal water deficit conditions. Journal Agric. Sciences 148: 319-328.
19. Guinta, F., Motzo, R., and Eidda, M. D. 1993. Effect of drought on yield and yield components of durum wheat and triticale in a mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research 33: 399-409.
20. Hajhassani Asl, A., Moradi Agham, A., Ali ababi frahan, H., and Rassei Far, M. 2011. Three forage yield and its componts under water condition on delay in khoy zone (Iran). Environmental Biology 5 (5): 847-852.
21. Hashemi Dezfouli A. 1994. Growth and yield of safflower as affected by drought stress. Crop Research. Hisar 7 (3): 313-319.
22. Khodabandeh, N. 2003. Cereals. Tehran University Press.
23. Kirigwi, F., Van M., Ginkel, M., Trethowan, R., Sears, R. G., Rajaram, S., and Paulsen, G. M. 2004. Evaluation of selection strategies for wheat adaptation across water regimes. Euphytica 135: 361-371.
24. Koocheki, A. R., Yazdansepas, A., and Nikkhah, H. R. 2007. Effects of terminal drought on grain yield and some morphological traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Crop Science 8 (1): 14-29.
25. Kumari, S. 1998. The effects of soil moisture stress on the development and yield of millet. Agronomy Journal 57: 480-487.
26. Laribi, B., Bettaieb, I., Kouki, K., Sahli, A., Mougou, A., and Brahim, M. 2009. Water deficit effects on caraway (Carum carvi L.) growth, essential oils and fatty acids composition. Industrial Crops and Proudcts 30: 372-379.
27. Ludlow, M. M., and Muchow, R. C. 1990. A critical evaluations of traits for improving crop yields in water -limited environments.Adv. in Agron 43: 107-153.
28. Mahalakshmi, V., and Bidinger, F. R. 1985. Flowering response of pearl millet to water stress during panicle development. Annals of applied biology 106: 571-578.
29. Mahalakshmi, V., and Bidinger, F. R. 1986.Water deficit during panicle development in pearl millet: Yield compensation by tillers. J. Agric. Science. Camb 106: 113-119.
30. Marc, E. N., Roslyn, M. G., and Dalling, M. J. 1985. Effect of post-anthesis drought on cell division and starch accumulation in developing wheat grains. Ann. Bot 55: 433-444.
31. Mohammadi, R., Armion, M., Kahrizi, D., and Amri, A. 2010. Efficiency of screening techniques for evaluating durum wheat genotypes under mild drought conditions. Int. Journal Plant Prod 4: 1735-8043.
32. Mousavi, Gh., Mirhadi, M., Siadat, E., Noormohamami, Gh., and Darvish, F. 2009. The effect of water stress and nitrogen fertilization on yield and water use efficiency of forage millet. Modern Agriculture 15: 114-101.
33. Nakhoda, B., Hashemi Dezfouli, A., and Banisadr, N. 2000. Effects of water stress on yield of forage millet forage quality properties Notrifid. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4: 701-712.
34. Nazarli, H., and Zadashti, M. R. 2010. The Effect of Drought Stress and Super Absorbent Polymer (A 200) on Agronomical Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under Field Condition. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 3 (143): 4-14.
35. Nouroz poor, Gh., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2005. Effects of different irrigation and plant density on yield and yield components of medicinal plants Nigella. Iranian journal of agricultural research 2: 305-314.
36. Omidi Ardali, Gh., and Behrani, M. 2011. Effects of drought stress, the amount and timing of nitrogen application on yield and yield components of sunflower growth stages. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Sciences 55: 199-207.
37. Osborne, S. L., Schepers, D. D., Francis, J. S., and Schlemmer, M. R. 2002. Use of Spectral radiance to estimate in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water stress on cron. Crop Sciene 42: 165-171.
38. Pan, X., Wang, G., Yang, H., and Wei, X. 2003. Effect of water defficit on whitin-polo variability in growth and grain yield of spring wheat in northwest china. Fiele Crops Research 80: 195-205.
39. Pireivatlou, A. S., Dehdar Masjedlou, B., and Ramiz, T. A. 2010. Evaluation of yield potential and stress adaptive trait in wheat genotypes under post anthesis drought stress conditions. Afric. Journal. Agric. Research 5: 2829-2836.
40. Plein, W. A., Wells, R., Little, G., Edmisten, K. L., and Wilcut, J. W. 2003. Glyphosate and water-stress effects on fruiting and carbohydrates in glyphosate- resistant cotton. Crop Science 43: 879-885.
41. Rezaei Chianeh, A., Zahtab Salmasi, S., Ghasemi Golazani, K., and Delazar, E. 2012. The effects of irrigation on yield and yield components of three landraces fennel. Agricultural and sustainable production 4: 57-70.
42. Richards, R., Rebetzke, G. J., Condon, A. G., and Van Herwaarden, A. F. 2002. Breeding opportunities for increasing the efficiency of water use and crop yield in temperate cereals. Crop Science 42: 111-121.
43. Rosales-Serna, R., and Kohashi-Shibata, J. 2003. Biomass distribution, maturity acceleration and yield in drought- stressed common bean cultivars. Field Crops Research 85: 203-211.
44. Rossielle, A., and Hamblin, A. J. 1981. Theorical aspects of selection for stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science 21: 1441-1446.
45. Setter, T. L., Brian, A., Lannigan, F., and Melkonian, J. 2001. Loss of kernel set due to water deficit and shade in maize: carbohydrate supplies, abscissic acid and cytokinins. Crop Sciencem 41: 1530-1540.
46. Sinaki, J. M., Majidi Heravan, E., Shirani Rad, A. H., Normohamadi, G., and Zarei, G. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 2 (4): 417-422.
47. Sio-Se Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K., and Mohammadi, V. 2006. Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research 98: 222-229.
48. Talebi, R., Fayaz, F., and Naji, A. M. 2009. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Gen. Appl. Plant. Physiol 35: 64-74.
49. Westage, M. E., and Boyer, J. S. 1998. Reproduction at low silk and pollen water potentials in maize. Crop Science 26: 951-956.
CAPTCHA Image
دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41
فروردین 1395
صفحه 120-132
  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 اردیبهشت 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 فروردین 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1395