اثر همزیستی میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه‌میکوریزای داخلی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر ماکرو و میکرو در ژنوتیپ‌های نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی با راهکارهای بیولوژیک، ضمن کمک به تحقق کشاورزی پایدار سبب افزایش و یا ثبات عملکرد گیاهان زراعی می‌گردد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر تلقیح بذور ژنوتیپ‌های تیپ کابلی نخود با میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه‌میکوریزای داخلی بر عملکرد گیاه به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به اجرا درآمد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه سطح میکوریزایی (میکوریزای آرباسکولار Glomus mosseae، شبه‌‌میکوریزای داخلی Piriformosporaindica و عدم مصرف قارچ) و فاکتور فرعی شامل 9 ژنوتیپ نخود (MCC80، MCC358، MCC361، MCC392، MCC427، MCC537، MCC693، MCC696 و MCC950) بود. در این مطالعه صفات عملکرد دانه و میزان عناصر ماکرو و میکرو و پروتئین بافت‌های گیاهی مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که میکوریزای آرباسکولار به‌طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه (به میزان 1682 کیلوگرم در هکتار) گردید. در بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه به ژنوتیپ MCC537 اختصاص داشت. میکوریزای آرباسکولار به‌طور معنی‌داری سبب بهبود جذب عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن و منگنز گردید. در حالی‌که سطوح میکوریزا تأثیر معنی‌داری بر روی جذب عناصر مس و روی نداشت. ژنوتیپ‌های MCC537، MCC427، MCC80 و MCC392 به‌طور معنی‌داری در جذب عناصر ماکرو موفق‌تر بودند. اما از نظر جذب عناصر میکرو اختلاف معنی‌داری بین ژنوتیپ‌های نخود وجود نداشت.

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