بررسی عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد علوفه علف‌قناری (Phalaris canariensis L.) در پاسخ به سطوح مختلف آبیاری، کودهای آلی، شیمیایی و تلفیقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف آبیاری و مدیریت تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد علوفه علف‌قناری (Phalaris canariensis L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خُرد‌شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. سه رژیم آبیاری (بر اساس 60، 80 و100‌درصد نیاز آبی) در کرت‌های اصلی و شش تیمار کودی؛ کود شیمیایی (200‌کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع اوره و 150‌کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع سوپر‌فسفات‌تریپل)، کود ورمی‌کمپوست (6‌تن در هکتار)، کود دامی (30‌تن در هکتار)، کود شیمیایی+‌کود ورمی‌کمپوست (50‌:50)، کود شیمیایی+ کود دامی (50:‌50) و شاهد) در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان‌داد، که اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر اکثر صفات مورد‌بررسی به‌جز درصد برگ به کل ماده خشک علف‌قناری معنی‌دار بود. بیش‌ترین عملکرد علوفه تَر به‌ترتیب برای رژیم‌های آبیاری 100 و 80‌درصد نیاز آبی با 76/24 و 12/24‌تن در هکتار و بیش‌ترین عملکرد علوفه خشک نیز برای رژیم آبیاری 100 و 80‌درصد نیاز آبی به‌ترتیب 51/6 و 30/6‌تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. هم‌چنین صفت‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه در بوته، درصد سنبله، عملکرد علوفه تَر و خشک و پروتئین علوفه تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار تیمار کودی قرار گرفتند. بیش‌ترین عملکرد علوفه تَر تحت تأثیر تیمار کودی ورمی‌کمپوست و دامی با 92/24‌تن در هکتار به‌دست آمد و کمترین میزان به تیمار بدون کود (شاهد) با 42/18‌تن در هکتار اختصاص داشت. بیش‌ترین عملکرد علوفه خشک، برای کودهای دامی و ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، مصرف کودهای دامی یا ورمی‌کمپوست و هم‌چنین به‌صورت تلفیقی با شیمیایی عملکرد قابل‌توجه‌تری خواهد داشت. بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش استفاده از روش کم‌آبیاری علاوه‌بَر صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب، به‌صورت 80‌درصد نیاز آبی می‌توان به عملکرد مطلوب علف‌قناری در واحد سطح دست یافت.

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