تأثیر تنش رطوبتی بر خصوصیات رشدی سه جمعیت زیره سیاه (Bunium persicum Bioss) در سال اول رشد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

کمبود بارندگی و نامنظم بودن نزولات جوی در مناطق رشد زیره سیاه، این گیاه را در طی دوره رشد و به‌ویژه در سال اول رشد آن با مشکل مواجه می‌کند. از این رو به منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر سه جمعیت زیره سیاه، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در بهار سال 1393 انجام شد. در این آزمایش گیاهان یک ساله سه جمعیت زیره سیاه (کوهبنان، سیرجان و کلات) در معرض سه سطح تنش رطوبتی (100، 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) قرار گرفتند و در اواسط خرداد ماه ارتفاع بوته و ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، نسبت وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ریشه، قطر غده و درصد غده‌دهی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی اثر معنی‌داری بر ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی به‌جز طول ریشه و نسبت وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ریشه داشت. ارتفاع بوته در جمعیت کوهبنان و سیرجان در شرایط 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی نسبت به شاهد (100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) 15 درصد کاهش یافت، در حالی‌که در جمعیت کلات این کاهش 24 درصد بود. طول ریشه در جمعیت کوهبنان، سیرجان و کلات به‌ترتیب 9، 20 و 66 درصد در شرایط 75 درصد زراعی نسبت به شاهد نیز کاهش نشان داد. در سه جمعیت فقط در شرایط عدم تنش رطوبتی، غده تشکیل شد و گیاهان رشدیافته در شرایط 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی غده‌ای تولید نکردند. در جمعیت کوهبنان و کلات کاهش آبیاری تا 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی تأثیری بر وزن خشک اندام هوایی نداشت، در حالی‌که در جمعیت سیرجان وزن خشک اندام هوایی در تنش 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، 30 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. نسبت وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ریشه در جمعیت کوهبنان و کلات در تیمار 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی نسبت به تیمار شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت، در صورتی‌که در جمعیت سیرجان 48 درصد کاهش یافت. بررسی ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که کلیه ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده به‌استثنای درصد غده‌دهی با نسبت وزن خشک اندام هوایی به ریشه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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