ارزیابی صفات زراعی و کیفی در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف تریتیکاله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

تریتیکاله پتانسیل بالایی از نظر تولید علوفه و عملکرد دانه دارد ولی در برنامه‌های اصلاحی ایران خیلی کم مورد توجه بوده است. این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی و عملکرد 40 ژنوتیپ‌ تریتیکاله با استفاده از صفات زراعی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی شد. صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول آخرین میانگره، طول برگ پرچم، طول سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، شاخص برداشت، وزن حجمی، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد گلوتن تر و درصد گلوتن خشک در همه ژنوتیپ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس، تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین ژنوتیپ‌‌ها برای کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی (9/44) و ژنوتیپی (7/41) متعلق به درصد گلوتن و کمترین ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی (7%) و ژنتیکی (%5/4) متعلق به وزن حجمی بود. تجزیه رگرسیون مرحله‌ای صفت عملکرد دانه با دیگر صفات نشان داد که دو صفت عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت، 8/98 درصد تنوع عملکرد دانه را توجیه می‌کنند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌ها با استفاده از صفات زراعی و محتوای پروتئین دانه، ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی را به 4 گروه تفکیک کرد که برخی از گروه‌ها با داشتن صفات مطلوب، برای اهداف به‌نژادی در تریتیکاله مفید می‌باشند.

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