تأثیر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای آن در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف کلزای پاییزه (Brassica napus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای آن در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف کلزای پاییزه نسبت به تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی در سال زراعی 93-1392 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح: بدون تنش، قطع آبیاری در مراحل گلدهی و خورجین‌دهی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و 18 ژنوتیپ مختلف کلزای پاییزه به‌ترتیب شامل HW113، RS12، Karaj1، KR18، L73، L72، HW101، L146، L210، L183، SW101، L5، L201، HW118، KR4، Karaj2، Karaj3 و KS7 به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش در مراحل گلدهی و خورجین‌دهی بر عملکرد و اجزای آن در ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف کلزا تأثیر زیادی داشته و مقادیر آنها را به شدّت کاهش داد. در شرایط بدون تنش، ژنوتیپ‌های L72، L146، L183، L210 و Karaj2 توانستند عملکرد بالایی را نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها تولید کنند. درحالی‌که، عملکرد این ژنوتیپ‌ها در شرایط تنش رطوبتی به شدّت کاهش یافت. در مقابل، ژنوتیپ‌های KR18، HW101، SW101 و Karaj3 نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش افت عملکرد کمتری داشتند که می‌توان آنها را به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم و متحمّل به تنش خشکی در نظر گرفت. از این‌رو، چنین ژنوتیپ‌هایی می‌توانند برای مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایران مناسب باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1. Aliari, H., Shekari, F., and Shekari, F. 2000. Oil Seeds: Cultivation and Physiology. Amidi Press, Tabriz, Iran. (in Persian).
2. Basra, A. S., and Basra, R. K. 1997. Mechanism of environmental stress resistance in plants. Harwood Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
3. Betran, F. J., Beck, D., Banziger, M., and Edmeades, G. O. 2003. Genetic analysis of inbred and hybrid grain yield under stress and nonstress environments in tropical maize. Crop Science 43: 807-817.
4. Blum, A. 2005. Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential- are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 1159-1168.
5. Carcova, J., Maddonni, G. A., and Ghersa, C. M. 1998. Crop water stress index of three maize hybrids grown in soils with different quality. Field Crops Research 55: 165-174.
6. Ceccarelli, S., and Grando, S. 1991. Selection environment and environmental sensitivity in barley. Euphytica 57: 157-167.
7. Chaghakaboodi, Z., Zebarjadi, A. R., and Kahrizi, D. 2012. Evaluation of rapeseed genotypes response to drought stress via callus culture. Agricultural Biotechnology 10 (2): 49-57. (in Persian with English abstract).
8. Cornic, G. 2000. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture – not by affecting at synthesis. Trends in Plant Science 5 (5): 187-188.
9. Debaeke, P., and Aboudrare, A. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 433-446.
10. Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review. Field Crops Research 67: 35-49.
11. Faraji, A., Latifi, N., Soltani, A., and Shirani Rad, A. 2009. Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 96: 132-140.
12. Fathi, G., Moradi-Telavat, M. R., and Naderi Arefi, A. 2010. Rapeseed Physiology. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran. (in Persian).
13. Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. PP 257-270. Proceedings of the International Symposium on “Adaptation of Vegetables and other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress”, 13-16 August, Taiwan.
14. Khan, M. A., Ashraf, M. Y., Mujtaba, S. M., Shirazi, M. U., Khan, M. A., Shereen A., Mumtaz, S., Aqil Siddiqui, M., and Murtaza Kaleri, G. 2010. Evaluation of high yielding canola type Brassica genotypes/mutants for drought tolerance using physiological indices as screening tool. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42: 3807-3816.
15. Koocheki, A., Yazdansepas, A., and Nikkhah, H. R. 2006. Effect of terminal drought on grain yield and some morphological traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 8: 14-29. (in Persian with English abstract).
16. Krogman, K. K., and Hobbs, E. H. 1975. Yield and morphological response of rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) to irrigation and fertilizer treatments. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55: 903-909.
17. Kumar, A., and Singh, D. P. 1998. Use of physiological indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in oilseed Brassica species. Annals of Botany 81: 413-420.
18. Ma, Q., Niknam, S. R., and Turner, D. 2006. Response of osmotic adjustment and seed yield of Brassica napus and B. juncea to soil water deficit at different growth stages. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57: 221-226.
19. Monajem, S., Ahmadi, A., and Mohammadi, V. 2011. Effects of drought stress in reproductive stages on photoassimilates partitioning of rapeseed (Brassica napus). Electronic Journal of Crop Production 3 (3): 163-178. (in Persian with English abstract).
20. Moradshahi, A., Salehi Eskandari, B., and Kholdebarin, B. 2004. Some physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus L.) to water deficit stress under laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction A 28 (A1): 43-50.
21. Pasban Eslam, B. 2009. Evaluation of physiological indices, yield and its components as screening techniques for water deficit tolerance in oilseed rape cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 11: 413-422.
22. Pasban Eslam, B., Shakiba, M. R., Neishabori, M. R., Moghaddam, M., and Ahmadi, M. R. 2000. Effects of water stress on quality and quantity characteristics of rapeseed. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 10: 75-85. (in Persian with English abstract).
23. Pourdad, S., Alizadeh, K., Azizineghad, R., Shariati, A., Eskandari, M., Khiavi, M., and Nabati, E. 2008. Study on drought resistance in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in different locations. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 12: 403-415. (in Persian with English abstract).
24. Rajaram, S., and van Ginkle, M. 2001. Mexico 50 years of international wheat breeding. PP 579-604 in A. P. Bonjean and W. J. Angus eds. The world wheat book: A history of wheat breeding. Lavoisier Publication, Paris, France.
25. Rathjen, A. J. 1994. The biological basis of genotype × environment interaction: its definition and management. Proceedings of the Seventh Assembly of the Wheat Breeding Society of Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
26. Sheykh, F., Tourchi, M., Valizadeh, M., Shakiba M. R., and Pasban Eslam, B. 2005. Drought resistance evaluation in spring rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science 15 (1): 163-174. (in Persian with English abstract).
27. Simane, B., Struik, P. C., Nachit, M. M., and Peacock, J. M. 1993. Ontogenetic analysis of yield components and yield stability of durum wheat in water-limited environments. Euphytica 71: 211-219.
28. Sinaki, J. M., Majidi Heravan, E., Shirani Rad, A. H., Noormohammadi, G., and Zarei, H. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 2: 417-422.
29. Singh, D. P., Singh, P., Ashok, K., and Sharma, C. 1985. Transpirational cooling as a screening technique for drought tolerance in oil seed brassicas. Annals of Botany 56: 815-820.
30. Sio-Se Mardeh, P., Sadeghi, F., Kanouni, H., Bahramnejad, B., and Gholami, S. 2014. Effect of drought stress on physiological traits, grain yield and its components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 16 (2): 91-108. (in Persian with English abstract).
31. Walton, G., Mendham, N., Robertson, M., and Potter, T. 1999. Phenology, physiology and agronomy. Chapter 3. PP 9–14 in P. A. Salisbury, T. Potter, G. McDonald, and A. G. Green eds. Canola in Australia: the first thirty years (Organizing Committee of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress: Canberra).
32. Wright, P. R., Morgan, J. M., and Jessop, R. S. 1996. Comparative adaptation of canola (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (B. juncea) to soil water deficits: Plant water relations and growth. Field Crops Research 49 (1): 51-64.
33. Xiao, Y. N., Li, X. H., George, M. L., Li, M. S., Zhang, S. H., and Zheng, Y. L. 2005. Quantitative trait locus analysis of drought tolerance and yield in maize in China. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 23: 155-165.
CAPTCHA Image