Evaluation of Retrotransposon-based Markers for Identification of Genetic Loci Associated with Agro-morphological Characteristics and Resistance to Sclerotinia Basal Stem rotin Oily Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) under Filed Conditions

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Urmia University

Abstract

Introduction
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important crops grown mainly for edible oil. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a common and widespread pathogen of sunflower. Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the most damaging diseases of sunflower in world, causing average yield reductions of 10 to 20%. It causes total production loss under favorable environmental conditions. Hence, plant improvement projects must focus on creating of new genotypes with higher resistance against diseases. Resistance to S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary has been described as quantitatively inherited with additive and dominant gene effects. Identification of chromosome regions controlling partial resistance to sclerotinia stem rot can increase understanding about the genetic control of the diseases and developing cultivars with improved partial resistance. In this study, retrotranposon-based molecular markers associated with resistance to disease as well as some important agromorphological traits identified using general and mixed linear models in Tassel software.
Material and Method
A collection of 100 sunflower lines, kindly provided by several research centers in Europe, Iran and the United States, were evaluated using a 10´10 simple lattice design with two replications. Each plot comprised 2 lines 5 m long, with a spacing of 65 × 25 cm between lines and plants, respectively. The experiment was conducted in 2015 at a farm in ‘Vaghaslo-e-Sofla’ village on Urmia. Five plants per genotype in each replication were inoculated with a fungal isolate collected from naturally infected sunflower plants of this farm in previous year.Some resistant and agronomical traits including  percentage of necrotic area after 4, 8, 12 days inoculation, 100 seeds weight of non contaminated plants, 100 seeds weight of contaminated plants, yield per plant in non contaminated plants, yield per plant in contaminated plants, 100 seeds weight loss, and per plant yield loss were  measured. The genetic profile of population was prepared with 28 rerotransposon markers.
Result and Discussion
Based on molecular marker data, the studied association panel was subdivided into two subpopulations (K=2). Association analysis using mixed linear model (MLM) identified 27 loci significantly (P<0.01) associated with studied traits. Maximum number of markers (5) was identified for percentage of necrotic area after 4 days and yield per plant in contaminated plants. Some common markers were identified for studied traits. Common markers for traits can be due to pleiotropic effects or linkage between genomic regions involved in controlling traits. Results of the current study present useful information about the genetic basis of the studied traits and can be used in different sunflower breeding programs including marker aided selection. In future studies, coding regions of important agronomical and resistance traits could be identified by sequencing loci with highest R2.
Conclusions
In sum, 27 loci associated with genomic regions controlling studied agro-morphological and resistant traits were identified. By converting identified retrotranspos-based molecular markers to SCAR, it is possible to use them directly in breeding activities such as identification of appropriate parents for developing mapping population, developing hybrid cultivars as well as marker assisted selection programs.

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 September 2016
  • Revise Date: 25 December 2016
  • Accept Date: 13 March 2017
  • First Publish Date: 21 March 2018

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