اثر روش کاشت پشته مرتفع و نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و عملکرد گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر کاشت پشته مرتفع و سطوح اوره بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن، عملکرد کمی و محتوای نیتروژن گندم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 95-1394 انجام شد. دو روش کاشت (مرسوم و پشته مرتفع) و پنج سطح صفر، 100، 200، 300 و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان عامل‌های اصلی و فرعی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن (جذب، تبدیل و مصرف) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل روش کاشت و کود اوره بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه، کارایی جذب، تبدیل و مصرف نیتروژن معنی‌دار (05/0≥p) بود. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن به‌ترتیب برای تیمار پشته مرتفع و بدون مصرف نیتروژن (45/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (14/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) به‌دست آمد. شاخص‌های کارایی جذب و مصرف نیتروژن در روش پشته مرتفع بالاتر از روش رایج بود. بیشترین و کمترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای پشته مرتفع و شاهد (65/36 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (63/10 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) بود. با افزایش مصرف اوره از صفر به 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن 62 درصد کاهش یافت.

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