تأثیر قطع آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی روی و منگنز بر عملکرد و صفات اکوفیزیولوژیک کلزا (Brassica napus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

بررسی واکنش ارقام مختلف کلزا به عوامل محیطی یکی از اصول اساسی برنامه‌ریزی کشور برای حصول حداکثر عملکرد کمی و کیفی است. کم‌آبی و عدم تغذیه مناسب از جمله عواملی هستند که با تغییر در فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیک گیاه بر عملکرد محصولات زراعی تأثیر می‌گذارد. به‌منظور بررسی واکنش 3 رقم کلزا در شرایط قطع آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی، بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و عملکرد، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپیلیت در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری معمول و قطع آبیاری در مرحله 50% گلدهی، محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح با آب، غلظت چهار در هزار سولفات روی، غلظت چهار در هزار سولفات منگنز و محلول‌پاشی هم‌زمان سولفات روی و سولفات منگنز با غلظت چهار در هزار در مرحله 50% ساقه‌دهی و رقم در سه سطح رقم  نیما به‌عنوان رقم شاهد و لاین‌های امیدبخش R15 و KS7 بودند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد روغن (1728 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، وزن هزاردانه (21/3 گرم)، عملکرد زیستی (15675 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کارایی مصرف آب (99/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار بر میلی‌متر) مربوط به اثر اصلی تیمار محلول‌پاشی هم‌زمان دو عنصر بود. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط آبیاری عادی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (5168 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد روغن (2244 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کارایی مصرف آب در لاین R15 و در شرایط قطع آبیاری در رقم نیما به‌دست آمد. در شرایط آبیاری کامل، محلول‌پاشی هم‌زمان دو عنصر باعث افزایش صفات مورد بررسی شد. اما در شرایط قطع آبیاری تنها ارتفاع بوته و درصد روغن تحت تأثیر محلول‌پاشی افزایش پیدا کرد. در شرایط آبیاری کامل لاین R15 رقم برتر بود، اما در شرایط قطع آبیاری رقم نیما بیشترین عملکرد و اجزای آن را دارا بود.

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