در سالهای اخیر، خاکورزی حفاظتی بهدلیل توانایی در افزایش نفوذ آب در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، جایگزین روشهای مرسوم شده است. این روشها به حداکثر رساندن تولید محصول کمک میکنند. همچنین حبوبات بهعنوان یک منبع غنی و ارزان پروتئین، نقش حیاتی در تغذیه کشورهای در حال توسعه دارند. این گیاهان با ارزش، بهویژه در سیستمهای کشاورزی کمنهاده و در تناوب زراعی مناطق خشک، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردارند و به امنیت غذایی این مناطق کمک میکنند. بنابراین بهمنظور ارزیابی اثر نظامهای خاکورزی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی، صفات ریشه و عملکرد علوفه در بقولات علوفهای، آزمایشی بهطورت اسپلیتپلات با قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شهر خرمآباد، طی دو سال زراعی 1402-1401 و 1403-1402 در آبان ماه اجرا شد. آب مورد نیاز گیاهان از بارندگی نرمال در طول فصل رشد تأمین شد و هیچگونه آبیاری صورت نگرفت. عامل اصلی خاکورزی (مرسوم، کمخاکورزی و بدون خاکورزی) و عامل فرعی بقولات علوفهای (باقلا (Vicia faba L.) توده بروجرد، ماشک (Vicia sativa L.) رقم لامعی، خلر (Lathyrus sativus L.)، باقلا رقم برکت و فیض)) بود. خاکورزی مرسوم شامل شخم با گاوآهن برگرداندار و سپس دیسک، کمخاکورزی شامل چیزلپکر یا خاکورز مرکب غلطک لولهای دندانهدار و بیخاکورزی فاقد هرگونه عملیات خاکورزی بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر اصلی سیستم خاکورزی و بقولات علوفهای بر همه صفات اندازهگیریشده و اثر متقابل خاکورزی × بقولات علوفهای بر عملکرد علوفه، طول ریشه، حجم ریشه، غلظت عناصر مس، روی و فسفر در اندامهای هوایی معنیدار بودند. براساس نتایج اثر متقابل خاکورزی × بقولات علوفهای، بیشترین میزان وزن خشک علوفه (2820.9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عنصر مس (50.17 پیپیام) در خاکورزی مرسوم و گیاه ماشک مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد تر علوفه (10671.54 و 10581.19 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، طول ریشه (33.89 و 33.39 سانتیمتر) و غلظت عنصر فسفر (0.85 و 0.84 درصد) از خاکورزی مرسوم و کمخاکورزی و گیاه ماشک به دست آمد. همچنین کمخاکورزی و کشت گیاه ماشک از بیشترین غلظت عنصر روی (50.69 پیپیام) و حجم ریشه (11.74 سانتیمتر مکعب) برخوردار بودند. خاکورزی مرسوم نسبت به بدون خاکورزی، 32 درصد قطر ریشه، 26 درصد وزن تر علوفه، 21 درصد وزن خشک، 27 درصد پتاسیم، شش درصد آهن، هشت درصد منگنز و 22 درصد تنفس خاک را افزایش داد. بهطورکلی، این تحقیق بر اهمیت انتخاب سیستم خاکورزی مناسب و نوع بذر در راستای بهینهسازی تولید علوفه و بهبود کیفیت آن تأکید دارد و نشان میدهد که ماشک در شرایط این آزمایش، عملکرد خوبی داشته است. همچنین روشهای خاکورزی مرسوم و کمخاکورزی بهدلیل تغییراتی که در شرایط فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک ایجاد میکنند، تأثیر قابل توجهی بر عملکرد، صفات ریشه و غلظت عناصر غذایی در منطقه خرمآباد دارند.
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