ارزیابی محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین، آهن، روی و سلنیوم بر شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

امیر فریدنیا ¹

فرزاد پاک نژاد ¹

مهدی صادقی شعاع ²

محمد نبی ایلکایی ¹

فیاض آقایاری ¹

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

² موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و‌ تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22067/jcesc.2025.95050.1421

چکیده

به­­‌منظور ارزیابی سیتوکینین و محلول­پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی و اثرات مفید آنان بر فتوسنتز گیاه و عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهشی در دو منطقه کرج و همدان به­‌صورت اسپلیت­‌پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. ‌عامل‌های آزمایش شامل رژیم‌­های آبیاری با سه سطح (الف: آبیاری در 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس در تمام دوره رشدی (شاهد)، ب: آبیاری نرمال تا گرده­‌افشانی و ج: آبیاری در 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس تا پایان دوره رشد، آبیاری نرمال تا گرده‌افشانی و قطع آبیاری تا پایان دوره رشد)، در کرت­‌های اصلی و فاکتوریل عناصر نانو کم‌­مصرف با پنج سطح: شاهد (عدم مصرف عناصر ریزمغذی نانو)، محلول‌­پاشی روی، آهن، سلنیوم و ترکیب سه عنصر (آهن + روی + سلنیوم)) و زمان استفاده از سیتوکینین با چهار سطح (شاهد (عدم مصرف)، مصرف در مرحله گل‌دهی، مصرف در مرحله شیری شدن و مصرف در مرحله گل‌دهی + شیری شدن) در کرت­‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار آبیاری نرمال موجب افزایش فلورسانس پایدار (26.68 درصد)، شاخص فلورسانس متغیر (24.78 درصد) نسبت به تیمار آبیاری نرمال تا گرده‌­افشانی و بعد از آن قطع کامل آبیاری شد. عناصر روی + آهن + سلنیوم سبب بهبود فلورسانس پایدار (26.16 درصد) و فلورسانس متغیر (21.48 درصد) نسبت به شاهد گردید. محلول­‌پاشی سیتوکینین در گرده‌­افشانی + شیری شدن دانه، فلورسانس پایدار (15.34 درصد) و فلورسانس متغیر (20.74 درصد) را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. بنابراین اعمال تنش خشکی بر گندم قابل توصیه نیست و کاربرد هورمون سیتوکینین و همچنین عناصر ریزمغذی برای بهبود شرایط کشت گندم قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رطوبت نسبی برگ

شاخص کلروفیل

عناصر ریزمغذی

فلورسانس پایدار

فلورسانس متغیر

موضوعات

• تنش های محیطی

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Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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