برآورد خلاء عملکرد سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در استان خراسان رضوی و تعیین سهم آب و نیتروژن در آن با استفاده از رهیافت مدل‌سازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

خلاء عملکرد سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در استان خراسان رضوی براساس شیوه‌نامه اطلس جهانی خلاء عملکرد و با استفاده از مدل SUBSTOR-Potato برنامه DSSAT برآورد شد. مدل گیاهی با استفاده از داده‌های دو آزمایش مزرعه‌ای که در شرایط محدودیت آب و نیتروژن طراحی و اجرا شدند و همچنین اطلاعات جمع‌آوری‌شده از سایر آزمایشات زراعی در مناطق مورد مطالعه مورد واسنجی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. استان براساس شیوه‌نامه اطلس جهانی خلاء عملکرد به سه ناحیه اقلیمی کشاورزی کلاستربندی شد. سپس، با استفاده از داده‌های آب‌وهوایی بلندمدت (2020-2011) و میانگین عملکرد واقعی هر ایستگاه، پتانسیل عملکرد برای هر ناحیه شبیه‌سازی شد و میزان خلاء عملکرد محاسبه گردید. در نهایت، در شرایط محدودیت‌های آب و نیتروژن، پتانسیل عملکرد مجدداً بررسی شد و سهم هر یک از این عوامل در ایجاد خلاء عملکرد تعیین گردید. بیشترین عملکرد پتانسیل در سطح استان مربوط به ناحیه یک و در شهرستان فریمان (در سال 2012) با مقدار 86.7 تن در هکتار برآورد گردید. کمترین مقدار عملکرد پتانسیل برای شهرستان بردسکن واقع در ناحیه اقلیمی سه با مقدار 8.3 تن در هکتار برآورد شد. میانگین خلاء عملکرد در دوره آماری 10 ساله در ناحیه یک 48.8 و در ناحیه دو 31.7 تن در هکتار برآورد گردید. میانگین تأثیر محدودیت آب و نیتروژن در ایجاد خلاء عملکرد سیب‌زمینی در ناحیه‌ یک به‌ترتیب 12.1 و 18 تن در هکتار و در ناحیه دو به‌ترتیب 10.9 و 8.3 تن در هکتار بود. پُر کردن بخشی از خلاء عملکرد با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی هر ناحیه متفاوت است، بااین‌حال انتخاب رقم زراعی سازگار، تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته مناسب از جمله مهم‌ترین گزینه‌‌های مدیریت زراعی به‌منظور جبران بخشی از خلاء عملکرد، صرف نظر از تفاوت‌‌های اقلیمی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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