مقایسه اثرات زیست‌محیطی نظام‌های رایج و کم‌نهاده زعفران در استان خراسان رضوی با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات LCA

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

دانش بومی راهکاری سنتی در مدیریت نظام‌های کم‌نهاده و خرده‌پا است که عمدتاً برای سازگاری با گرمایش جهانی و تغییر اقلیم و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی نیز مفید واقع می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه اثرات زیست‌محیطی ‌نظام‌های کم‌نهاده و رایج زعفران در استان خراسان رضوی انجام شد. نهاده‌های مصرفی طی سال‌های اول تا هفتم با استفاده از 76 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری و تعیین شد. ارزیابی چرخه حیات بر اساس روش ISO14044، در چهار گام مشخص‌سازی اهداف و حوزه عمل، ممیزی چرخه حیات، ارزیابی تاثیر چرخه حیات و تلفیق، نتیجه‌گیری و تفسیر نتایج محاسبه گردید. گروه‌های تاثیر مورد مطالعه شامل گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن و اوتریفیکاسیون (در محیط‌های خشکی و آبی) بودند. واحد کارکردی معادل یک کیلوگرم گل در نظر گرفته شد. انتشار مستقیم و غیرمستقیم اکسید نیتروس و انتشار اکسید نیتروس تحت تاثیر آبشویی و تصعید برای نظام‌های مختلف محاسبه شد. به‌منظور بررسی همبستگی متغیرهای مختلف عملکرد با میزان مصرف نهاده‌ها از آزمون کای مربع و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مدیریت‌های مختلف، بین عملکرد با مصرف سوخت، کاربرد نیتروژن و سوخت، مصرف نیتروژن و فسفر و کاربرد کود دامی با عملکرد رابطه معنی‌داری (05/0≥p) وجود داشت. عملکرد گل در نظام تحت مدیریت رایج در مقایسه با نظام‌ کم‌نهاده 71 درصد بالاتر بود. پتانسیل اوتریفیکاسیون آبی برای نظام رایج برابر با 07/15 کیلوگرم معادل PO4 به ازای یک کیلوگرم گل محاسبه شد که 34 درصد بالاتر از نظام کم‌نهاده بود. شاخص بوم‌شناخت برای نظام‌های کم‌نهاده و رایج به‌ترتیب 72/2 و 51/3 EcoX به ازای یک کیلوگرم گل محاسبه شد. سهم گروه‌های مختلف تاثیر شامل گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن و اوتریفیکاسیون در بوم‌نظام‌های خشکی و آبی از مجموع شاخص بوم‌شناخت در نظام رایج به‌ترتیب 16، 7، 8 و 69 درصد و برای نظام کم‌نهاده به‌ترتیب 17، 7، 8 و 68 درصد محاسبه شد. بالاترین ضریب همبستگی پیرسون برای عملکرد گل و مصرف سوخت برابر با 824/0+ ثبت گردید. به‌کارگیری مدیریت کم‌نهاده اثرات زیست‌محیطی کمتری در مقایسه با نظام‌های رایج به دنبال داشت. بر اساس نتایج، پیشنهاد می‌شود که خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی، تلفیق دانش بومی و بهره‌گیری از مدیریت سنتی بر پایه حضور زنان می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهکارهایی برای کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی، مقابله با گرمایش جهانی و تغییر اقلیم، دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی و آب در نظام‌های فشرده تولید زعفران مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 17 مهر 1400

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