ارزیابی پایداری کشت‌بوم‌های کلزا (Brassica napus L.)بر پایه تحلیل انرژی، ردپای کربن و گازهای گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اگروتکنولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی پایداری کشت‌بوم‌های کلزا بر اساس تحلیل انرژی، ردپای کربن و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در شهرستان کلاله، در استان گلستان، در سال زراعی 98-1397 به‌وسیله پرسشنامه و مصاحبه چهره به چهره با کلزاکاران و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گلستان انجام شد. تعداد مزارع مورد مطالعه، توسط رابطه کوکران تعیین گردید. بر این اساس، 50 مزرعه کلزا انتخاب شدند. قابلیت اعتماد پرسشنامه 81/0 محاسبه شد. پس از تعیین مهم‌ترین ورودی‌ها و خروجی مزارع، ردپای کربن، انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و شاخص‌های مربوط به انرژی در این کشت‌بوم‌ها محاسبه و ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که انرژی ورودی کل 13200 مگاژول در هکتار، انرژی خروجی کل 63400 مگاژول در هکتار، کارایی مصرف انرژی 8/4، بهره‌وری انرژی 17/0 کیلوگرم در مگاژول، ردپای بوم‌شناختی تولید کلزا 99/0 هکتار جهانی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی 03/779 کیلوگرم معادل دی‌اکسید کربن در هکتار بود. همچنین، ورودی‌های سوخت فسیلی با 46/46 و 83/54 و کود نیتروژن با 24/39 و 73/34 درصد، به‌ترتیب بیشترین سهم از هر دو شاخص ردپای کربن و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در تولید کلزا را داشتند. به‌طور کلی تولید کلزا در شهرستان کلاله از لحاظ هر سه شاخص انرژی خالص، ردپای کربن و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پایدار بود. با این وجود، به دلیل سهم زیاد دو ورودی سوخت فسیلی و کود نیتروژن از این شاخص‌ها و در نتیجه تاثیر زیاد آن‌ها روی پایداری تولید، مدیریت مصرف این ورودی‌ها و آموزش و توجیه کشاورزان در این زمینه، به‌منظور افزایش پایداری تولید محصول، توصیه می‌شود. 

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 03 دی 1401

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