ارزیابی میزان هتروزیس و وراثت‌پذیری صفات کمی و گروه‌بندی ارقام جدید و ژنوتیپ‌های رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare. Mill)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

رازیانه گیاهی دگرگرده‌افشان و یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی خانواده چتریان است، که اسانس آن در صنایع مختلف دارویی، غذایی و آرایشی کاربرد فراوان دارد. بهبود عملکرد یکی از اهداف مهم به‌نژادی محسوب می‌شود و بهره‌گیری از هتروزیس به‌عنوان یکی از ابزارهای قدرتمند جهت ارتقای عملکرد همیشه مورد توجه به‌نژادگران بوده است. به‌منظور بررسی میزان عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و میزان هتروزیس صفات مهم ارقام اصلاح‌شده رازیانه، سه رقم اصلاح‌شده سینتتیک به همراه هشت والد برتر در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس اختلاف ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه برای همه صفات معنی‌دار شد. در ارقام سینتتیک میانرس و دیررس میزان عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها بود و میزان هتروزیس عملکرد آن‌ها نسبت به میانگین والدین مثبت و به‌ترتیب 39% و 38% بود است، ارزیابی میزان هتروزیس نشان داد که ارقام سینتتیک در اکثر صفات نسبت به والدین برتری داشت. وراثت‌پذیری عمومی برای صفات مختلف بین 34% تا 93% برآورد گردید در این بررسی ضرایب تنوع فنوتیپی کلیه صفات بیشتر از ضرایب تنوع ژنتیکی بود که نشان‌دهنده وجود اثرات عوامل محیطی بر این صفات بود. تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که 4 مؤلفه اول بیش از 90 درصد تغییرات کل واریانس را توجیه می‌نمایند. بر اساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای به روش وارد ژنوتیپ‌ها در چهار گروه قرار گرفتند. می‌توان انتظار داشت که این ارقام سینتتیک بتوانند پس از ثبت به‌عنوان رقم تجاری، در بازار گیاهان دارویی معرفی و گسترش یابند.

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©2022 The author(s). This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 آذر 1401
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