The Effect Different Fertilizers, on Germination, Yield, of Vicia vilosa Roth

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

In order to study the interaction of germination, yield of Vicia vilosa Roth to use of biological fertilizer, chemical, and manure, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013-2014 growing season. The experimental treatments was included three kinds of bio fertilizers and their integration with each other and vermicompost and chemical fertilizer as following : 1- mycorhhizaarbuscular species Glomus mosseae+vermicompost2- mycorhhiza+Nitrocsin (included bacteries Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp.) 3- mycorhhiza arbuscular+ Rhizobium (Rhizobium sp.) 4-mycorhhiza arbuscular + Chemical fertilizer NPK 5- mycorhhizaarbuscular (Glomus moseae) 6-control. The results showed that, although the treatments has not significant effects on height of stem , it has significant effects on characteristics of root length colonization percent, number the root node, Root dry weight, soggy yield, yield dry and protein Percent. The results showed that the highest percent of root length colonization(76 percent), number the root node (20), Root dry weight (.94 g), soggy yield (1894.5 g m-2), yield dry (473.63 g m-2) and protein Percent (27.33 percent) was gained in integrated mycorhhiza and nitrocsine treatment. On the basis of results, the integration of mycrhhoriza and biological rhizobium is suggested as the best fertilizer treatment for Vicia vilosa Roth.

Keywords


1- جهان، م. 1387. بررسی جنبه‌های اگرواکولوژیکی همزیستی ذرت با قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن در نظام‌های زراعی رایج و اکولوژیک. پایان نامه دکتری زراعت (اکولوژی)، دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
2- حق پرست تنها، م. 1372. خاکزیان و خاک های زراعی. انتشارات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت. ص 98-83.
3- رجب زاده مطلق، ف.، ع. محمدی، و ح. ر. اصغری. 1391. بررسی تلقیح مضاعف قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری سینورایزوبیوم و کاربرد کود نیتروژن بر رشد و تولید یونجه یکساله. مجله علمی پژوهشی مرتع 6 (3): 227-216.
4- سعیدنژاد، ا. ح.، پ. رضوانی مقدم.، ح. ر. خزاعی.، و م. نصیری محلاتی. 1390. بررسی اثر کاربرد مواد آلی، کودهای بیولوژیک و کود شیمیایی بر قابلیت هضم و میزان پروتئین سورگوم علوفه‌ای رقم اسپیدفید. مجله پژوهشهای زراعی ایران 9(4): 630-623.
5- عیدیزاده، خ.، مهدوی دامغانی، ع.، صباحی، ح. و صوفیزاده، س. 1389. اثر کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی بر رشد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در شوشتر. نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی 2(2): 301-293.
6- لکزیان ا. 1389. فعالیت‌های میکروبی در ریزوسفر. (ترجمه). انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. 382 صفحه.
7- Antoun, H., C. J. Beauchamp, N, Goussard, R. Chabot, and R, Lalande. 1998. Potential of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on non-legumes: Effect on radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant and Soil 204: 57-67.
8- Berta, G., A, Fusconi, and J. E. Hooker. 2002. In: S. Gianinazzi, H. Schuepp, J. M. Barea and K. Haselwandter (Eds). Arbuscular mycorrhizal modifications to plant root systems: scale, mechanisms and consequences. Mycorrhiza Technology in Agriculture, from Genes to Bioproducts. Basel, Switzerland, Birkhauser Verlag p. 71-85.
9- Calderon, F. J., G. W. McCarty, J. A. S. Van Kessel, and J. B. Reeves. 2004. Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics during Incubation of Manured Soil. Published in Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1592-1599
10- Dash, M. C., and U. C. Petra.1979. Wormcast production and nitrogen contribution to soil by a tropical earthworm population from a grassland site in Orissa India Revue d'ecologie et de biologie du sol. 16: 79-83.
11- Dodd, J. 2000. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-natural ecosystems. Outlook on Agriculture 29 (1): 63-70.
12- Giovannetti, M., and B., Mosse. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist 84: 489-500.
13- Kormanik, P. P., and A. C. McGraw. 1982. Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots.
14- Glenn, R. D., B. C. Mallesh, B. Kubra, and D. J. Bagyaraj. 1992. Influence of vermicompost application on the available macronutrients and selected microbial populations in a paddy field. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24: 1317-1320.
15- Jia, Y., V. M. Gray, and C. J. Straker. 2004. The influence of rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by Vicia faba. Annals of Botany 94: 251-258.
16- Kader, M. A., M. H. Mian, and M. S. Hoque. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of Biological Sciences 2 (4): 259-261.
17- Kormanik, P. P., and A. C. McGraw. 1982. Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots.
18- Marschner, H., and B. Dell. 1994. Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Soil 159: 89-102.
19- Martin, J. P., J. H Black, and R. M. Hawthorne. 1997. Influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and yield of green house tomatoes. Bioresource Technology 75: 175-180.
20- Moradi, S., H. Besharati, V. Feizi Asl, H. Nadian, E. Karimi, and A. Golchin. 2009. Effect of different levels of humidity, mycorrhiza and Rhizobium in germination, flowering time and morphological traits in chickpea. In: 11th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Gorgan, Iran, 12-15 July. p. 243-244.
21- Rajapakse, S., and C. Miller. 1992. Methods for studying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization and related root physical properties. In: Methods in microbiology, Volume 24. Norris J. R., Read D. J. and Varma A. K. (Eds.). Academic Press Ltd., USA. pp. 302-316.
22- Rillig, M. C. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and terrestrial ecosystem processes, university of Montana, U.S.A.
23- Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, third ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
24- Stancheva, I., M, Geneva, G. Zehirov, G. Tsvetkova, M. Hristozkova, and G. Georgiev. 2006. Effects of combined inoculation of Pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on nodule formation and nitrogen fixing activity. Gen. Appl. Plant Physiology, Special Issue: 61-66.
25- Whalen, J. K., and C. Chang. 2002. Macroaggregate Characteristics in Cultivated Soils after 25 Annual Manure Applications. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66: 1637-1647.
26- Widada, J., D. I. Damarjaya, and S. Kabirun. 2007. In: Velazquez, E., and Rodriguez-Barrueco, C. (eds). The interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria on the growth and nutrients uptake of sorghum in acid soil. First International Meeting on Microbial Phosphate Solubilization. Springer. p. 173-177.
27- Yasmeen, T., S. Hameed, M. Tariq, and S. Ali. 2012. Significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal and bacterial symbionts in a tripartite association with Vigna radiate, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34: 1519-1528.
CAPTCHA Image