اثر آبیاری و نیتروژن بر پارامترهای زراعی، عملکرد، کیفیت دانه و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن در آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

اثر آبیاری و نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کیفیت دانه و کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن آفتابگردان، در سال زراعی 91-1390 در دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا مطالعه شد. آبیاری (آبیاری تا گلدهی، آبیاری تا دانه‌بندی و آبیاری در کل دوره رشد) در کرت‌های اصلی و نیتروژن (صفر، 60، 120 و 180‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار قرار گرفتند. اثر آبیاری و نیتروژن بر کلیه صفات معنی‌دار شد. بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار‌دانه (26/46‌گرم)، درصد روغن (49/42‌درصد)، کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن (50/4‌کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) از آبیاری در کل دوره رشد به‌دست آمد. کمترین میزان این ویژگی‌ها نیز از آبیاری تا گلدهی حاصل شد. مقایسه میانگین سطوح نیتروژن نشان داد که بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار‌دانه (93/46‌گرم) و درصد پروتئین (70/22‌‌درصد) از نیتروژن 180‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و بیش‌ترین کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن (08/7‌کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) از نیتروژن 120‌کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. اثر متقابل تیمارها بر قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد پروتیین معنی‌دار شد. بیش‌ترین این صفات از تیمار آبیاری در کل دوره رشد و 180‌کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد، که اختلاف معنی‌دار با آبیاری در کل دوره رشد و نیتروژن 120‌کیلوگرم در هکتار نداشت. کمترین عملکرد دانه با 37/83‌درصد کاهش از تیمار آبیاری تا گلدهی و عدم مصرف نیتروژن حاصل شد. بنابراین، به‌نظر می‌رسد تیمار آبیاری در کل دوره رشد و مصرف 120‌کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار برای دست‌یابی به بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه، روغن و کارآیی زراعی نیتروژن در زراعت آفتابگردان مناسب است.

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