تأثیر انواع کودهای آلی و شیمیایی و کاربرد ترکیبی آن‌ها بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و محیطی، دانشگاه روستک، آلمان

چکیده

امروزه به‌دلیل اثرات مضر کودهای شیمیایی، تمایل به استفاده از کودهای آلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از این‌رو به‌منظور مقایسه تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر صفات کمی و کیفی گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط مزرعه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل بیوچار، ورمی‌کمپوست، کود دامی (گاوی)، کود شیمیایی NPK و ترکیبی از کودهای فوق بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان صفات طول (33/5 سانتی‌متر چین اول و 16/7 سانتی‌متر در چین دوم)، قطر (5.01 سانتی‌متر چین اول و 5.54 سانتی‌متر چین دوم) و حجم (80.5 سی‌سی چین اول و 131 سی‌سی چین دوم) گوجه‌فرنگی در چین اول در تیمار کود شیمیایی NPK به‌دست آمد در حالی‌که در چین دوم بیشترین میزان این صفات در تیمار کود ترکیبی NPK + کود دامی بود. همچنین در چین اول و مجموع هر دو چین، بیشترین میزان عملکرد در تیمار کود شیمیایی NPK (به‌ترتیب 39.6 و 70.5 تن در هکتار) مشاهده شد در حالی در چین دوم، بیشترین عملکرد در تیمار ترکیبی کود شیمیایی NPK + کود دامی (32.8 تن در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. از سوی دیگر، تیمار ترکیبی کود دامی+ ورمی‌کمپوست دارای خصوصیات کیفی شاخص بریکس (6.55 و 7.13 به‌ترتیب در چین اول و دوم)، ویتامین ث (12.9 و 11.4 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم نمونه به‌ترتیب در چین اول و دوم) و لیکوپن (2.84 و 2.25 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم نمونه به‌ترتیب در چین اول و دوم) بیشتری نسبت به تیمارهای کود شیمیایی و شاهد بود. به‌طور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در کشت مزرعه‌ای گوجه‌فرنگی با به‌کار بردن ترکیبی از کودهای شیمیایی همراه با کودهای آلی، علاوه‌بر ایجاد عملکرد مطلوب کمی و بهبود خصوصیات کیفی، کاهش قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای در مصرف کودهای شیمیایی حاصل خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


©2024 The author(s). This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

Adekiya, A. O., Dahunsi, S. O., Ayeni, J. F., Aremu, C., Aboyeji, C. M., Okunlola, F., & Oyelami, A. E. (2022). Organic and inorganic fertilizers effects on the performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) grown on soilless medium. Scientific Reports, 12, 12212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16497-5
Adekiya, A. O., Ejue, W. S., Olayanju, A., Dunsin, O., Aboyeji, C. M., Aremu, C., Adegbite, K., & Akinpelu, O. (2020). Different organic manure sources and NPK fertilizer on soil chemical properties, growth, yield and quality of okra. Scientific Reports, 10, 16083. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73291-x
Adesemoye, A. O., & Kloepper, J. W. (2009). Plant-microbes’ interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2196-0
Ahmad, A. A., Radovich, T. J. K., Nguyen, H. V., Uyeda, J., Arakaki, A., Cadby, J., & Teves, G. (2016). Use of organic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility, plant growth, and yield in a tropical environment. Organic Fertilizers-From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes, 85-108. https://doi.org/10.5772/62529
Ali, M. M., Anwar, R., Malik, A. U., Khan, A. S., Ahmad, S., Hussain, Z., Ul Hasan, M., Nasir, M., & Chen, F. X. (2022). Plant growth and fruit quality response of strawberry is improved after exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41, 1786-1799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10422-2
Ali, M. Y., Sina, A. I., Khandker, S. S., Neesa, L., Tanvir, E. M., Kabir, A., Khalil, M. I., & Gan, S. H. (2021). Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds in tomatoes and their impact on human health and disease: A Review. Foods, 10, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010045
Bai, M., Suter, H., Lam, S. K., Sun, J. L., & Chen, D. L. (2014). Use of open-path FTIR and inverse dispersion technique to quantify gaseous nitrogen loss from an intensive vegetable production site. Atmospheric Environment, 94, 687-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.013
Beeby, J., Moore, S., Taylor, L., & Nderitu, S. (2020). Effects of a one-time organic fertilizer application on long-term crop and residue yields, and soil quality measurements using biointensive agriculture. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 67. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00067
Bilalis, D., Krokida, M., Roussis, I., Papastylianou, P., Travlos, I., Cheimona, N., & Dede, A. (2018). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Folia Horticulturae, 30(2) 321-332. https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2018-0027
Blanco-Canqui, H., & Schlegel, A. J. (2013). Implications of inorganic fertilization of irrigated corn on soil properties: lessons learned after 50 years. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42, 861-871. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0451
Boudet Antomarchi, A., Boicet Fabre, T., Duran Ricardo, S., & Merino Hernandez, Y. (2017). Effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of different doses of organic fertilizer bocashi under agroecological conditions. Revista Centro Agricola, 44(4), 37-42
Cen, Y., Guo, L., Liu, M., Gu, X., Li, C., & Jiang, G. (2020). Using organic fertilizers to increase crop yield, economic growth, and soil quality in a temperate farmland. Peer Journal, 19, 8. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9668
Da Costa, P. B., Beneduzi, A., de Souza, R., Schoenfeld, R., Vargas, L. K., & Passaglia, L. M. P. (2013). The effects of different fertilization conditions on bacterial plant growth promoting traits: Guidelines for directed bacterial prospection and testing. Plant Soil, 368, 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1513-z
Ding, X., Han, X., Liang, Y., Qiao, Y., Li, L., & Li, N. (2012). Changes in soil organic carbon pools after 10 years of continuous manuring combined with chemical fertilizer in a Mollisol in China. Soil and Tillage Research, 122, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002
Ebrahimi, M., Souri, M. K., Mousavi, A., & Sahebani, N. (2021). Biochar and vermicompost improve growth and physiological traits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under deficit irrigation. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture8, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-021-00216-9
Farneselli, M., Tosti, G., Onofri, A., Benincasa, P., Guiducci, M., Pannacci, E., & Tei, F. (2018). Effects of N sources and management strategies on crop growth, yield and potential N leaching in processing tomato. European Journal of Agronomy, 98, 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2018.04.006
Gao, F., Li, H., Mu, X., Gao, H., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Cao, K., & Ye, L. (2023). Effects of organic fertilizer application on tomato yield and quality: a meta-analysis. Applied Sciences, 13, 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042184
Guo, J. X., Hu, X. Y., Gao, L. M., Xie, K. L., Ling, N., Shen, Q. R., Hu, S. J., & Guo, S. W. (2017). The rice production practices of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Jiangsu, China. Scientific Reports, 7, 2101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02338-3
Harshavardhan, P. G., Vasundhara Raviraja, M., Shetty, G., Nataraja, A., Sreeramu, B. S., Chandre Gowda, M., & Sreenivasappa, K. N. (2007). Influence of spacing and integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of essential oil in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). BioMed Central, 2, 288.
Hoffland, E., Kuyper, T. W., Comans, R. N. J., & Creamer, R. E. (2020). Eco-functionality of organic matter in soils. Plant Soil, 455, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04651-9
Hu, G. Q., Ma, X. X., Li, X. H., & Wang, H. (2022). Evaluation of organic substitution based on vegetable yield and soil fertility. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 34, 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2022.2064335
Huang, L. A., Cheng, S. M., Liu, H. L., Zhao, Z. X., Wei, S. X., & Sun, S. L. (2022). Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on growth and nitrogen fate in banana at seedling stage. Environmental Research, 214, 113826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113826
Janusauskaite, D., & Ciuberkis, S. (2010). Effect of different soil tillage and organic fertilizers on winter triticale and spring barley stem base diseases. Crop Protection, 29, 802-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.04.002
Lam, S. K., Suter, H., Mosier, A. R., & Chen, D. L. (2017). Using nitrification inhibitors to mitigate agricultural N2O emission: A double-edged sword? Global Change Biology, 23, 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13338
Madrid, R., Barba, E. M., Sanchez, A., & Garcia, A. L. (2009). Effects of organic fertilisers and irrigation level on physical and chemical quality of industrial tomato fruit (cv. Nautilus). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89, 2608-2615. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3763
Maguire, V. G., Bordenave, C. D., Nieva, A. S., Llames, M. E., Colavolpe, M. B., Garriz, A., & Ruiz, O. A. (2020). Soil bacterial and fungal community structure of a rice monoculture and rice-pasture rotation systems. Applied Soil Ecology, 151, 103535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103535
Mehnaz, S., & Lazarovits, G. (2016). Inoculation effects of Pseudomonas putida, Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans, and Azospirillum lipoferum on corn plant growth under greenhouse conditions. Microbial Ecology, 51, 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9039-7
Mi, W. H., Wu, L. H., Brookes, P. C., Liu, Y. L., Zhang, X., & Yang, X. (2016). Changes in soil organic carbon fractions under integrated management systems in a low-productivity paddy soil given different organic amendments and chemical fertilizers. Soil and Tillage Research, 163, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.05.009
Mohamed, A. S., Shohba, N. E. A., Abou-Taleb, S. A., Abbas, M. S., & Soliman, A. S. (2018). Beneficial effects of Bio-Organic fertilizers as a partial replacement of chemical fertilizers on productivity and fruit quality of Pomegranate trees. Bioscience Research, 15, 4603-4616.
Mostofi, Y., & Najafi, F. (2008). Laboratory and analytical methods in horticultural science. Tehran University Press. (In Persian).
Pellejero, G., Palacios, J., Vela, E., Gajardo, O., Albrecht, L., Aschkar, G., Chrorolque, A., Garcia-Navarro, F. J., & Jimenez-Ballesta, R. (2021). Effect of the application of compost as an organic fertilizer on a tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) produced in the field in the Lower Valley of the Rio Negro (Argentina). International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 10, 145-155.
Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, R., Sharopov, F., Namiesnik, J., Roointan, A., Kamle, M., Kumar, P., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Beneficial effects and potential risks of tomato consumption for human health: an overview. Nutrition, 62, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.012
Serio, F., Ayala, O., Bonasia, A., & Santamaria, P. (2006). Antioxidant properties and health benefits of tomato. In Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants (Search for Natural Drugs); Studium Press: Totnes, U.K. Volume 13.
Shang, L., Wan, L., Zhou, X., Li, S., & Li, X. (2020). Effects of organic fertilizer on soil nutrient status, enzyme activity, and bacterial community diversity in Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. PLoS One, 15(10), e0240559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240559
Simpson, R. J., Oberson, A., Culvenor, R. A., Ryan, M. H., Veneklaas, E. J., Lambers, H., Lynch, J. P., Ryan, P. R., Delhaize, E., & Smith, F. A. (2011). Strategies and agronomic interventions to improve the phosphorus-use efficiency of farming systems. Plant Soil, 349, 89-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0880-1
Snapp, S. S., Nyiraneza, J., Otto, M., & Kirk, W. W. (2013). Managing manure in potato and vegetable systems, Extension Bulletin E28-93, Michigan State University. Available at: www.msue.msu.edu
Tao, Y., Liu, T., Wu, J. Y., Wu, Z. S., Liao, D. L., Shah, F., & Wu, W. (2022). Effect of combined application of chicken manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of cherry tomato. Agronomy, 12, 1574. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071574
Tei, F., Benincasa, P., & Guiducci, M. (2002). Critical nitrogen concentration in processing tomato. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1161-0301(02)00096-5
Terada, N., Dissanayake, K., Okada, C., Sanada, A., & Koshio, K. (2023). Micro-tom tomato response to fertilization rates and the effect of cultivation systems on fruit yield and quality. Horticulturae, 9, 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030367
Tilesi, F., Lombardi, A., & Mazzucato, A. (2021). Scientometric and methodological analysis of the recent literature on the health-related effects of tomato and tomato products. Foods, 10, 1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081905
Yanga, L., Zhaoa, F., Changa, Q., Li, T., & Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 160, 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.07.002
Zhang, K. L., Chen, L., Li, Y., Brookes, P. C., Xu, J. M., & Luo, Y. (2017). The effects of combinations of biochar, lime, and organic fertilizer on nitrification and nitrifiers. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 53, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1154-0
CAPTCHA Image