بررسی ضرایب همبستگی، تجزیه علیت صفات و شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی ارقام مختلف گندم تحت شرایط کم‌‌آبیاری در اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

2 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی ضرایب همبستگی، تجزیه علیت صفات، شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی و بهره‌وری آب ارقام مختلف گندم آبی تحت سطوح مختلف کم‌آبیاری، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به صورت اسپلیت پلات (کرت‌های خرد شده) در سه تکرار و به مدت سه سال زراعی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی کبوترآباد اصفهان به اجرا در آمد. سه سطح تنش شامل: آبیاری کامل، تأمین آب به میزان 80 درصد آبیاری کامل (20 درصد کم‌آبیاری)، تامین آب به میزان 60 درصد آبیاری کامل (40 درصد کم‌آبیاری) در کرت های اصلی و شش رقم گندم شامل: پیشتاز، شیراز، سپاهان، مرودشت، مهدوی و بک‌کراس روشن در کرت های فرعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. عملکرد دانه، بهره‌وری آب، عملکرد کاه و کلش، زیست توده، شاخص برداشت، درجه باردهی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، طول سنبله و وزن هزار دانه اندازه گیری و برآورد گردید. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه به ترتیب با درجه باردهی، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، زیست توده، شاخص برداشت و ارتفاع بوته دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بود. همبستگی عملکرد دانه با بهره‌وری آب، کاه وکلش و وزن هزار دانه غیرمعنی‌دار بود. نتایج تجزیه علیت و تعیین اثر مستقیم و غیر مستقیم اجزای موثر بر عملکرد دانه نشان داد که صفت تعداد سنبله در متر مربع مهم ترین عامل موثر در افزایش عملکرد دانه ارقام گندم بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که با اعمال تیمار 40 درصد کم‌آبیاری مقادیر شاخص تحمل، شاخص بهره‌وری متوسط، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری، شاخص تحمل تنش و میانگین هارمونیک برای رقم پیشتاز به‌ترتیب 71/0- ، 94/1، 92/1، 82/1 و 06/1 و برای رقم سپاهان به‌ترتیب 63/0- ، 83/1، 79/1، 59/1 و 92/0 و بالاترین مقادیر بودند. اعمال کم‌آبیاری به میزان 40 درصد آبیاری کامل با دارا بودن برتری نسبی از لحاظ بهبود بهره‌وری آب مصرفی (آب آبیاری) بر دیگر تیمارها نیز برتری داشت. لذا در شرایط کم‌آبیاری بایستی از ارقامی استفاده شود که از تعداد پنجه بارور و تعداد سنبله در متر مربع بیشتری برخوردار باشند تا بتوانند جبران افت عملکرد در واحد سطح ناشی از اعمال کم‌آبیاری را بنمایند.

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