بررسی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی گیاه کینوا تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و تراکم بوته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

کینوا به‌عنوان یک گیاه زراعی جدید، به دلیل سازگاری وسیع به شرایط مختلف اقلیمی از جمله خشکی و نیز زودرس بودن، گیاهی مناسب برای کاشت در مناطق خشک است. با هدف بررسی تراکم بهینه کینوا در سطوح مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول سطوح آبیاری (برمبنای 50، 75 و 100 درصد نیازآبی) و فاکتور دوم تراکم بوته در 5 سطح (40، 60، 80، 100 و 120 بوته در متر مربع) بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری شامل محتوای نسبی آب برگ، هدایت روزنه‌ای، نشت الکترولیت، تعداد انشعاب، تعداد دانه در انشعاب، وزن انشعاب، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، کارایی مصرف آب و پروتئین دانه بود. نتایج نشان دادکه اجزای عملکرد در مواجهه با شرایط کم‌آبیاری، به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت، نتایج سطوح آبیاری و تراکم نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد در 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تراکم 100 بوته به میزان 52/4268 کیلوگرم در هکتارحاصل شد و همچنین نشان داد که درسطوح آبیاری 75 درصد نیاز آبی نیز بالاترین عملکرد در تراکم 100 بوته حاصل شد و با کاهش تراکم به میزان 2/73 درصد با کاهش عملکرد همراه بود ولی در سطح 50 درصد نیاز آبی بالاترین عملکرد در تراکم 80 بوته حاصل شد که با کاهش تراکم به 40 بوته عملکرد به میزان 5/73 درصد با کاهش همراه بود. بهینه‌ترین تراکم در سطح آبیاری 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی، به‌ترتیب 113، 105 و 80 بوته در متر مربع بود. در این تحقیق برای تعیین بهترین تراکم در سطوح مختلف آبیاری این آزمایش طراحی شد که با توجه به نتایج حاصل می‌توان گفت که بهینه‌ترین تراکم در سطح آبیاری 100 درصد نیاز آبی به میزان 113 بوته در مترمربع حاصل شده و با افزایش میزان تنش به 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی به‌ترتیب تراکم بهینه به میزان 105 و 80 بوته در متر مربع حاصل شده است.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 دی 1400
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