بهمنظور بررسی و مقایسه ترکیبهای مختلف کشت مخلوط سه گونه زراعی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L.)، کدو پوستکاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) و لوبیا چیتی (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آنها، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 95-1394 و 96-1395 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و پنج تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل ترکیبهای مخلوط دوگانه (H:C, H:P,C:P) و سهگانه یک ردیفی و دو ردیفی (H:C:P,HH:CC:PP) در سریهای جایگزینی و تککشتی هر گونه (H,C, P) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت سه گونه آفتابگردان، کدو پوست کاغذی و لوبیا چیتی و نسبت برابری زمین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ترکیبهای مختلف کشت مخلوط بر اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت آفتابگردان، کدو پوست کاغذی و لوبیا چیتی معنیدار (05/0≥p) بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان مربوط به تیمار مخلوط سهگانه دو ردیفی (HH:CC:PP) (10158 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، لوبیا چیتی مربوط به کشت خالص (P) (1049 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در کدو پوستکاغذی مربوط به تیمار مخلوط دوگانه لوبیا چیتی+ کدو پوست کاغذی (C:P) (2501 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک آفتابگردان، کدو پوست کاغذی و لوبیا چیتی بهترتیب برای کشت خالص (H)، مخلوط سهگانه دو ردیفه (HH:CC:PP)و کشت خالص (P) مشاهده شد. بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین (LER) در کشت سهگانه یک ردیفی (H:C:P) (69/1) و کمترین نسبت برابری زمین (LER) برای مخلوط دوگانه آفتابگردان+ لوبیا چیتی (H:P) (06/1) محاسبه گردید. بهطور کلی، در تمامی تیمارهای کشت مخلوط در سیستمهای دوگانه و سهگانه نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از یک و در مخلوطهای سهگانه بالاتر از مخلوطهای دوگانه بود.
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