اثر محلول‌پاشی روی و آهن در مراحل مختلف نموی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی دانه دو رقم گندم دیم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد‌ عناصر ریزمغذی (کلات آهن شش در هزار، کلات روی چهار در هزار و محلول‌پاشی آب به‌عنوان شاهد) به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی در مراحل مختلف رشد (پنجه‌زنی، ساقه‌دهی و پر شدن دانه) بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی دانه دو رقم گندم دیم (Triticum aestivum L.) (آسمان و پایا)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 1402-1401 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبد اجرا شد. در این بررسی، صفات عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، غلظت روی، آهن، پروتئین دانه و میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی برگ مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رقم بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت و تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله و میزان کلروفیل و کاروتنوئیدها معنی‌دار بود. تیمار محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت آهن و روی دانه نسبت به شاهد شد، امّا بر عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، درصد پروتئین دانه و رنگیزه‌های کلروفیل تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. اثر متقابل تیمار‌های رقم × زمان محلول‌پاشی بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین مقدارعملکرد دانه با کاربرد عناصر ریزمغذی در مرحله ساقه‌دهی رقم پایا با میانگین 730 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد. در مجموع، می‌توان چنین استنباط نمود که کاربرد روی و آهن در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه به‌علت اختلال در سنتز کلروفیل و پروتئین‌سازی ناشی از خشکسالی به‌وجود‌آمده بر افزایش عملکرد گندم دیم مؤثر نبوده، امّا سبب افزایش غلظت آهن و روی دانه شد و ممکن است یک راهبرد امیدوار‌کننده برای بهبود امنیت غذایی و مقابله با کمبود عناصر ریزمغذی در انسان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

  1. Arnon, A. N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.
  2. Arzamjo, A., Behdani, M. A., Sohrabi, M., & Sadeghzadeh, B. (2016). Response of some bread wheat cultivars to foliar application of Zn and Fe different forms in two locations with different soil properties. Iranian Agricultural Research Journal, 16(1), 203-216. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61570.
  3. Azam Shah, S., Mohammad, W., Shahzadi, S., Elahi, R., Al, A., Basir, A., & Haroon, A. (2016). The effect of foliar application of urea, humic acid and micronutrients on potato crop. Iran Agricultural Research, 35(1), 89–94. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22099/iar.2016.3680
  4. Bagheri, A., Sinki, J. M., Firouzabadi Brothers, M., & Esfahalani, M. A. (2013). The effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on the amount of pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of sesame cultivars under the condition of interruption of irrigation. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 7(3), 327-340.
  5. Bilali, M. R., Malkuti, M. J., Mashayikhi, H., & Khademi, Z. (2000). The effect of micronutrient elements on increasing yield and determining their critical limit in Iranian water wheat cultivated soils. Journal of Soil Research, 12(6) (special paper on wheat).
  6. Broadleyet, M., Brown, P., Cakmak, I., Rengel, Z., & Zhao, F. (2012). Functions of Nutrient: Micronutrients. P Marschner (Ed.). Marschner’s mineral nutritionof higher plants, 3rd Ed. Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 243–248.
  7. Cakmak, I., Pfeiffer, & McClafferty, W. H., (2010). Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry, 87, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-87-1-0010
  8. Dimkpa, O., & Bindraban, S. (2017). Fortification of micronutrients for efficient agronomic production. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(7), 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0346-6
  9. Faizi Asl, V. (2009), Comparison of different methods of determining the critical limit of zinc in soils under dry wheat cultivation. Water and Soil Journal (Agricultural Sciences and Industries), 22(2). (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i22.1011
  10. Faizi Asl, V., Valizadeh, G. R., Toshih, V., Taliei, A. A., & Belson, V. (2004). Determining the critical limit of low consumption elements in rainfed wheat soils in northwest Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences of Iran, 5(4), 236-247. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2024.377878.669731
  11. Ganji, K., Khorgami, A., & Rafiei, M., (2013). The effect of foliar application of zinc, iron and boron on the yield and yield components of three varieties of rainfed wheat (Kohdasht, Karim and Zagros) in Kohdasht region. The First National Conference on Agriculture and Sustainable Natural Resources Tehran, Iran.
  12. Garnett, T. P., & Graham, R. D. (2005). Distribution and remobilization of iron and copper in wheat. Annals of Botany, 95, 817–826. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci085
  13. Ghafari, H., & Razmjoo, J. (2015). Response of durum wheat to foliar application of varied sources and rates of iron fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17, 321-331. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.16807073.2015.17.2.21.4
  14. Gharib Eshghi, A., Adelzadeh, R., Shiri, M. R., & Shahbazi, K. (2009). The effect of winter cold on cytoplasmic membrane stability, chlorophyll content and crown depth in a number of spring and winter wheat genotypes in Ardabil region. Crop Production Magazine, 3(2), 255-262.
  15. Ghasemian, V., Ghalavand, A., Sorooshzadeh, A., & Pirzad, A. (2010). The effect of iron, zinc and manganese on quality and quantity of soybean seed. Journal of Phytology, 2, 73-79.
  16. Helrich, K. (1990). Association of official analytical chemists. 15th Edition. Volume 1. AOAC, Incorporated. Pp. 673.
  17. https://www. FAO.org. (2023). The State of Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  18. Iran Statistics Center. (2017). Summary of the results of the agriculture statistics plan.
  19. Jafarnejhadi, A. , MeskiniVishkaee, F., MousaviFazl, M. H., LotfaliAyeneh, Gh., & Behbahani, L. (2022). Evaluating the effect of iron and zinc micronutrient on wheat quantitative and qualitative yield under salinity stress in Khuzestan climate. Agricultural Engineering (Agricultural Scientific Journal), 44(4) 367-379. https://doi.org/10.22055/agen.2022.39694.1625
  20. Kamai, H., & Isvand, H. R. (2019). The effect of iron, zinc and manganese solution spraying on physiological, agronomic and protein traits of wheat under end-of-season heat stress. Environmental Tensions in Agricultural Sciences, 13(1), 285-295. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.1888.1452
  21. Keshavarzafshar, R., Chen, Ch., Zhou, Sh., Etemadi, F., He, H, & Li, Zh. (2020). Agronomic and economic response of bread wheat to foliar zinc application. Agronomy Journal, 112(5), 4045-4056. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20247
  22. Kochian, L. V. (1991). Mechanisms of micronutrient uptake and translocation in plants. In Micronutrients in Agriculture, J. J. Mortvedt, F. R. Cox, L. M. Shuman, & R. M. Welch (Eds.). pp. 229–296. Madison, Wisc.: Soil Science Society of America.
  23. Malkuti, M. J., & Homai, M. (2013). Fertility of soils in arid and semi-arid regions. Publications of TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran. Second Edition, 488 pp.
  24. Marschner, H., (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd Ed. Academic Press, New York.
  25. Melash, A. A., Mengistua, D. K., Aberraa, D. A., & Alemtsehay, T. (2019). The influence of seeding rate and micronutrients foliar application on grain yield and quality traits and micronutrients of durum wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 85, 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2018.08.005
  26. Ozturk, L., Yazici, M. A., Yucel, C., Torun, A., Cekic, C., Bagci, A., Ozkan, H., Braun, H. J., Sayers, Z., & Cakmak, I. (2006). Concentration and localization of zinc during seed development and germination in wheat. Plantarum, 128, 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00737.x
  27. Pahlavan Rad, M. R., & Pessarakli, M. (2009). Response of wheat plants to zinc, iron, and manganese applications and uptake and concentration of zinc, iron, and manganese in wheat grains. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40, 7-8.
  28. Pearson, J. N., & Rengel, Z. (1994). Distribution and remobilization of Zn and Mn during grain development in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45, 1829–1835. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/45.12.1829
  29. Rehman, A., Farooq, M., Ozturk, L., Asif, M., & Siddique, K. H. M. (2018). Zinc nutrition in wheat-based cropping systems. Plant Soil, 422, 283–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3507-3
  30. Selim, R., Adhikary, S., AlamMondal, M., AlamNadim, K., & Akter, B. (2023). Foliar application of different levels of zinc and boronon the growth and yield of Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 11(8), 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i8.1415-1421.6107.
  31. Shariatipour, N., Alavikia, S., Moghaddam, M., Velu, G., & Heidari, B. (2020). Foliar applied zinc increases yield, zinc concentration and germination in wheat genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 112(2), 961-974. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20117
  32. Shehata, S. , Abdel-Azem, H. S., Abou El-Yazied, A., & El-Gizawy, A. M. (2010). Interactive effect of mineral nitrogen and biofertilization on the growth, chemical composition and yield of Celeriac plant. European Journal of Scientific Research, 47, 248–255.
  33. Singh, B. R., Timsina, Y. N., Lind, O. C., Cagno, S., & Janssens, K. (2018). Zinc and iron concentration as affected by nitrogen fertilization and their localization in wheat grain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00307
  34. Yeganehpour, F., Kehrarian, B., Biginia, V., Moinirad, A., & Hosni Asl, N. (2012). The effect of iron application on some morphological and qualitative traits of dry wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(19), 125-135.
  35. Zhang, P. P., Chen, Yu. lu., Wang Ch. Y., MA, G., Lu, J. J., Liu J. B., & Guo, T. C. (2021). Distribution and accumulation of zinc and nitrogen in wheat grain pearling fractions in response to foliar zinc and soil nitrogen applications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(12), 3277–3288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63491-8
CAPTCHA Image