ارزیابی اثرات دوره‌های آبیاری و کیتوزان به‌عنوان یک الیسیتور زیستی بر رشد و عملکرد پیاز (Allium cepa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران

3 هسته پژوهشی اگرواکولوژی در مناطق خشک، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران

4 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، ایران

چکیده

محدود بودن منابع آبی، چالش بزرگی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک به‌ویژه در بخش کشاورزی است که بیشترین مقدار مصرف آب را دارد و با توجه به تقاضای روزافزون غذا، اجرای روش‌های مدیریتی که موجب استفاده کارآمد از منابع آبی و همچنین افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی می‌شود، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بدین منظور این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر دور آبیاری و استفاده از کیتوزان به‌عنوان الیسیتور زیستی (استخراج‌گر زیستی) به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1400 در استان هرمزگان انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی دور آبیاری (2، 4 و 6 روز) و فاکتور فرعی محلول‌پاشی سه غلظت کیتوزان (صفر، 1000 و 2000 پی‌پی‌ام) انجام شد. صفات اندازه گیری‌شده در این مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع سوخ، قطر سوخ، شاخص شکل سوخ، وزن خشک سوخ، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک کل، درصد ماده خشک سوخ، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد سوخ می‌شود. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که تأثیر دور آبیاری و مصرف کیتوزان بر اکثر صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده معنی‌دار بود و اثر متقابل دور آبیاری و مصرف کیتوزان فقط در صفات وزن خشک اندام هوایی، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد سوخ معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین مقدار صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده در دور آبیاری دو روز مشاهده شد که در واقع نشان‌دهنده پاسخ مثبت گیاهان به کاهش فاصله زمانی آبیاری می‌باشد. همچنین درخصوص اثرات کیتوزان نیز با مصرف این ماده مقدار صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت ولی اختلاف بین سطوح مصرف کیتوازن با یکدیگر در اکثر موارد معنی‌دار نبود. در بررسی اثر متقابل دور آبیاری و مصرف کیتوزان، بالاترین عملکرد سوخ به تیمار دور آبیاری دو روز با مصرف 2000 پی‌پی‌ام کیتوزان با میانگین 74066 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد و عملکرد در تیمار دور آبیاری دو روز با مصرف 2000 پی‌پی‌ام کیتوزان دو برابر عملکرد تیمار شاهد بود. از طرف دیگر در دور آبیاری شش روز با مصرف 2000 پی‌پی‌ام کیتوزان تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی مقدار 53597 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوخ تولید شد که اثرات مثبت کاربرد کیتوزان در شرایط تنش رطوبتی را نشان می‌دهد. لذا کاربرد کیتوزان به‌عنوان الیسیتور زیستی می‌تواند تا حدی به حفظ توان تولیدی گیاه در شرایط محدودیت رطوبتی کمک کند و موجب افزایش عملکرد شود، اما نمی‌توان گفت کاربرد کیتوزان به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی در مزرعه از نظر اقتصادی قابل‌توجیه است و یا افزایش درآمد حاصل از عملکرد این هزینه را جبران می‌کند، زیرا قیمت این محصول علاوه‌بر صادرات و واردات پیاز، بسیار وابسته به عرضه و تقاضا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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