اثر سیستم‌های خاک‌ورزی بر محتوی عناصر غذایی خاک، عملکرد و نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط چای ترش- ماش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات عناصر غذایی خاک در کشت مخلوط چای ترش و ماش آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 93-1392، به‌صورت کرت های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی 3 نوع خاک ورزی شامل بدون شخم، شخم کاهش یافته، شخم رایج (گاوآهن و دیسک) و عامل فرعی نسبت های کشت مخلوط شامل خالص چای ترش، خالص ماش،50 درصد چای ترش +50 درصد ماش، 75 درصد چای ترش+ 25 درصد ماش، 25 درصدچای ترش + 75 درصد ماش در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل (کربن آلی خاک، نیتروژن، منیزیم، کلسیم، پتاسیم، رطوبت حجمی، دمای خاک و نسبت برابری زمین) نشان داد که سیستم بدون خاک-ورزی و تیمارهای مخلوط رطوبت حجمی بیشتری نسبت به سیستم خاک ورزی مرسوم و کشت خالص چای ترش کسب نمودند. سیستم بدون خاک ورزی و افزایش نسبت ماش در کشت مخلوط سبب افزایش میزان رطوبت و کاهش دمای خاک گردید. در بین کشت‌های مخلوط تیمار 75 درصد ماش به‌علاوه 25 درصد چای ترش بالاترین میزان کربن (99/0 درصد) و نیتروژن (087/0 درصد) را نشان داد. بالاترین مقدار نیتروژن و کربن آلی خاک پس از برداشت از برهمکنش سیستم بدون خاک‌ورزی و کشت خالص ماش به‌ترتیب 15/0 و 75/1 درصد به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که نسبت برابری زمین در همه تیمارهای مخلوط بزرگتر از یک بود که نشان‌دهنده برتری کشت های مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص آن‌ها بود. بیشترین عملکرد اقتصادی چای ترش و ماش در برهمکنش سیستم بدون خاک‌ورزی و کشت خالص هر کدام به مقدار 89/990 و 20/740 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین از کشت مخلوط 75 درصدماش به‌علاوه 25 درصد چای ترش (36/1) به‌دست آمد. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق اهمیت کشت مخلوط لگوم و گیاه دارویی را در استفاده بهینه از منابع محیطی، افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و سودمندی بیشتر کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص چای ترش و ماش تأیید نمود.

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