Comparison Between Direct-seeding and Transplanting of Rice in Mazandaran Province: Weed Competition, Yield and Yield Components

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• A Ala
• M AghaAlikhani
• B Amiri Larijani
• S Soufizadeh

Tarbiat Modares University

10.22067/gsc.v12i3.22637

Abstract

In order to investigate rice competition ability against weeds in direct-seeding and transplanting systems afield experiment was conducted at Mahmud Abad region of Mazandaran province on 2011 growing season. Experimental treatments were studied in a split plot factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Direct-seeding and transplanting of rice in wet seedbed were the main plots and three rice cultivars under two weed management systems (weed free and weed infested) were arranged in sub plots. Results showed there was no significant yield difference in both system of rice planting under weed free condition, but yield loss due to weed interference in direct-seeding and transplanting of rice were 66% and 14% respectively.Line 843 which showed high competition ability in transplanting of rice, encountered with low ability due to weed pressure derivedweek early vigor but our traditional cultivar (Tarom Deilamani) has acceptable competition ability and better yield sustainabilitythan improved cultivar (Khazar) and line 843 in direct seeding system. Cultivars competitiveness could be attributed to more height, higher growth rate in early season, panicle number and higher dry weight of rice. Also in direct seeding related traits to the early vigor was more important than others. Results revealed that direct seeding integrated with weed control could be a good strategy for reducing costs of rice production. In such a system seedling early growth has important role in weed suppression.

Keywords

• Competition ability
• Earlygrowth rate
• Rice
• Weed
• Yield loss

20.1001.1.20081472.1393.12.3.13.0

---

References

- امین پناه، ه. 1388. بررسی قدرت رقابتی ارقام برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در برابر علفهرز سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli) به منظورمصرف بهینه علف‌کش.رساله دکتری در رشته زراعت. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. 140 ص.

2- بی نام. 1391. گزارش سالانه برنج سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان مازندران. مدیریت زراعت.

3- نوربخشیان، س. ج. 1379. مقایسه عملکرد ارقام برنج در کشت مستقیم و نشایی. مجله علوم زراعی ایران.2(4) : 32-25.

4- Bastiaans, L., M. J. Kropff, N. Kempuchetty, A. Rajan, and T. R. Migo.1997. Can simulation models help design rice cultivars that are more competitive with weeds? Field Crops Research.51: 101-111.

5- Bhushan, L., J. K. Ladha, R. K. Gupta, S. Singh, A. Tirol-Padre, Y. S. Saharawat, M. Gathala, and H. Pathak. 2007. Saving of water and labor in rice–wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy Journal, 99: 1288–1296.

6- Buhler, D. D., M. Liebman, and J. J. Obrycki. 2002. Review: theoretical and practical challenges to an IPM approach to weed management. Weed Science, 48: 274–280.

7- Caton, B. P., A. E. Cope, and M. Mortimer. 2003. Growth traits of diverse rice cultivars under severe competition: Implications for screening for competitiveness. Field Crops Research, 83: 157-172.

8- Chauhan, B. S. and D. E. Johnson. 2010. Implications of narrow crop row spacing and delayed Echinochloacolona and Echinochloa crus-galli emergence for weed growth and crop yield loss in aerobic rice. Field Crops Research. 117: 177-182.

9- Chen, S., S. Cai, X. Chen, and G. Zhang. 2009. Growth and Physiological Responses to Transplanting and Direct Seeding Cultivation in Rice. Rice Science. 16(2): 143-150.

10- Ekeleme, F., A. Y. Kamara, S. O. Oikeh, L. O. Omoigui, P. Amaza, T. Abdoulaye, and D. Chikoye. 2009. Response of upland rice cultivars to weed competition in the savannas of West Africa. Crop Protection, 28: 90–96.

11- Farooq, M., K. H. M. Siddique, H. Rehman, T. Aziz, D. J. Lee, and A. Wahid. 2011. Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities. Soil Till. Res. 111: 87-98.

12- Garrity, D. P., M. Movillon, and K. Moody. 1992. Differential weed suppression ability in upland rice cultivars. Agronomy Journal, 84: 586-591.

13- Gibson, K. D., A. J. Fischer, T. C. Foin, and J. E. Hill. 2003. Crop traits related to weed suppression in water – seeded rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Science, 51: 87-93.

14- Gibson, K. D. and A. J. Fischer. 2004. Competitiveness of rice cultivars as a tool for crop based weed management. In: Inderjit (Ed.), Weed Biology and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 517-537.

15- Haefele, S. M., D. E. Johnson, D. M’Bodj, M. C. S. Wopereis, and K. M. Miezan. 2004. Field screening of diverse rice genotypes for weed competitiveness in irrigated lowland ecosystems. Field Crops Research 88: 39–56.

16- Jannink, J. L., J. H. Orf, N. R. Jordan, and R. G. Shaw. 2000. Index selection for weed suppressive ability in soybean. Crop Science, 40: 1087-1094.

17- Je-Kyukim, Moon-Hee Lee, and Young-san Kim. 2000. Labor saving cultivation technologies ofrice in Korea – Direct seeding and machine transplanting –national crop experimental station, ruraldevelopment administration (RDA),republic of Korea .

18- Jennings, P. R. and J. D. Jesus Jr. 1968. Studies on competition in rice. I. Competition inmixtures of varieties. Evolution, 22: 119-124.

19- Kawano, K., H. Gonzalez, and M. Lucena. 1974. Intraspecific competition, competition with weeds, and spacing response in rice. Crop Sci. 14:841–845.

20- Khaliq, A., and A. Matloob. 2011. Weed-crop competition period in three fine rice cultivars under direct-seeded rice culture. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 17(3): 229-243.

21- Kropff, M. J. 1993. Eco-physiological models for crop-weed competition. In: Kropff, M.J.,van Laar,H.H. (Eds.),Modeling Crop-Weed Interactions. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K, pp. 25-32.

22- Moody, K. 1983. The status of weed control in rice in Asia. FAO Plant Protect. Bull. 30 (3/4):119–123.

23- Namuco, O. S., J. E. Cairns, and D. E. Johnson. 2009. Investigating early vigour in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.): Part I. Seeding growth and grain yield in competition with weeds. Field Crops Research, 113: 197–206.

24- Ni, H., K. Moody, R. P. Robles, E. C. Paller, and J. S. Lales. 2000. Oryza sativa L.plant traits conferring competitive ability against weeds. Weed Science, 48: 200-204.

25- Rao, A. N., D. E. Johnson, B. Sivaprasad, J. K. Ladha, and A. M. Mortimer. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advance Agronomy, 93: 153–255.

26- Rodenburg, J. and D. E. Johnson. 2009. Weed management in rice-based cropping systems in Africa. Advance Agronomy, 103: 149–218.

27- SAS Inst. Inc. 2003. SAS System Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

28- Saito, K. 2010.Weed pressure level and the correlation between weed competitiveness and rice yield without weed competition: An analysis of empirical data.A Review. Field Crops Research, 117: 1–8.

29- Saito, K., K. Azoma, and J. Rodenburg. 2010. Plant characteristics associated with weed competitiveness of rice under upland and lowland conditions in West Africa. Field Crops Research, 116: 308–317.

30- Singh, S., L. Bhushan, J. K. Ladha, R. K. Gupta, A. N. Rao, and B. Sivaprasad. 2006. Weed management in dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) cultivated on furrow irrigated raised bed planting system. Crop Protection, 25: 487–495.

31- Singh, S., J. K. Ladhab, R. K. Guptaa, L. Bhushana, and A. N. Raob. 2008. Weed management in aerobic rice systems under varying establishment methods.Crop Protection, 27 : 660–671.

32- Swanton, C. J., and S. F. Weinse. 1991. Integrated weed management: the rational and approach. Weed Technology, 5: 657-663.

33- Ying, J., S. Peng, Q. He, H. Yang, C. Yang, R. M. Visperas, and K. G. Cassman. 1998. Comparison of high-yield rice in a tropical and subtropical environ- ment. I. Determinants of grain and dry matter yields, Field Crops Res. 57: 71–84.

34- Zand, E., and H. Beckie. 2002. Competitive ability of hybrid and open pollination canola (Brassicanapus L.) with wild oat (Avenafatua L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82: 473-480.

35- Zhao, D. L., G. N. Atlin, L. Bastiaans, and J. H. J. Spiertz. 2006a. Cultivar weed competitiveness in aerobic rice: Heritability, correlated traits, and the potential for indirect selection in weed-free environments. Crop Science, 46: 372-380.

36- Zhao, D. L., L. Bastiaans, G. N. Atlin, J. H. J. Spiertz. 2007. Interaction of genotype × management on vegetative growth and weed suppression of aerobic rice. Field Crops Research, 100:327–340.

37- Zimdahl, R. L. 2004. Weed-Crop Competition: A Review, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing, 2121 State Avenue, Ames, IA50014.