اثر مدیریت تلفیقی خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و گیاه پوششی خلر (Lathyrus Sativus) بر عملکرد کدو (Cucurbita pepo L.) و برخی شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر به‌کارگیری خاک‌ورزی‌های حفاظتی، نهاده‌های طبیعی و درون‌مزرعه‌ای جهت تولید پایدار نظام‌های کشاورزی و بهبود سلامت خاک و گیاه مورد توجه روزافزون محققان قرار گرفته است. به منظور بررسی اثر نظام‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و گیاه پوششی خلر (Lathyrus Sativus) بر عملکرد کدو تخمه کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.)، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی و تخلخل خاک آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 93-1392 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان اجرا گردید. تیمارها تلفیق سه نوع مدیریت خاک‌ورزی، شامل NT: بدون خاک‌ورزی (کاشت مستقیم بذر در زمین زراعی)، MT: خاک‌ورزی حداقل (شخم با چیزل + دیسک) و CT: خاک‌ورزی مرسوم (شخم با گاوآهن برگردان‌دار + دیسک) در دو نوع مدیریت گیاه پوششی شامل C1: با گیاه پوششی خلر و C0: بدون گیاه پوششی که برای چهار سال متوالی اعمال شده‌اند، بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در میوه، قطر میوه، عملکرد میوه، وزن هزاردانه، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی، تخلخل و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک تحت تأثیر مدیریت‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و گیاه پوششی قرار گرفتند؛ به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار این صفات در تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی با گیاه پوششی خلر ( NT-C1وMT-C1) و کمترین مقدار در تیمار خاک‌ورزی مرسوم بدون گیاه پوششی (CT-C0) مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه کدو (142 گرم بر متر مربع) مربوط به تیمار MT-C1 و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی (μg ρNP g-1 h-1 3413) در تیمار NT-C1 مشاهده شد. همچنین کمترین عملکرد دانه (115 گرم در متر مربع) و کمترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی (μg ρNP g-1 h-1 1861) در تیمار CT-C0 به‌دست آمد. در مجموع، تلفیق گیاه پوششی خلر با خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی (بدون خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی حداقل)، مناسب‌ترین مدیریت برای دستیابی به عملکرد بیشتر کدو تخمه کاغذی و همچنین بهبود فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز و تخلخل خاک در این منطقه شناسایی شد.

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