بررسی خصوصیات زراعی و فیزیولوژیک سورگوم علوفه‌ای (.Sorghum bicolor L) تحت تأثیر تنش کم‌آبی و کود سیلیس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت، گروه کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، گروه کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی کود سیلیس بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سورگوم علوفه‌ای (Sorghum bicolor L.) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های تصادفی در سال 1397 در شهرستان ورامین اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت زراعی (آبیاری مطلوب) و آبیاری در 60 و 45 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (به‌ترتیب کم‌آبیاری متوسط و کم‌آبیاری شدید) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و کود سیلیس (سیلیکات پتاسیم در سه مرحله) به‌صورت عدم مصرف، محلول‌پاشی و کودآبیاری به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده بیشترین محتوی کلروفیل کل (73/1 mg g-1 FW)، محتوی نسبی آب برگ (08/88%) و هدایت روزنه‌ای (46/2 cm s-1) در تیمار آبیاری مطلوب و استفاده از کود سیلیس در آب آبیاری به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام (41/11%) در تیمار کم‌آبی شدید برآورد گردید به‌طوری‌که نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب 39/1 درصد بیشتر بود. تنش کم‌آبی باعث افزایش اسید سیانیدریک اندام هوایی شد به‌نحوی‌که باعث افزایش 8/41 درصد محتوی اسید سیانیدریک نسبت به شرایط مطلوب آبیاری گردید. بیشترین عملکرد اندام هوایی خشک سورگوم در تیمار آبیاری مطلوب با میانگین 7/23 تن در هکتار به‌دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار تنش متوسط و شدید کم‌آبی، به‌ترتیب 20 و 54 درصد بیشتر بود. کود سیلیس (محلول‌پاشی سه در هزار، کود آبیاری 10 لیتر در هکتار) منجر به کاهش ماده خشک قابل هضم گردید ولی از طرف دیگر منجر به افزایش میزان پروتئین خام و همچنین کاهش ماده سمی اسید سیانیدریک در اندام هوایی شد و در این بین محلول‌پاشی کود سیلیس موثر تر از مصرف در آب آبیاری بود. بنابراین می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود که محلول‌پاشی کود سیلیس برای حفظ رشد و نمو گیاه سورگوم به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک مد نظر کشاورزان قرار گیرد.

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©2023 The author(s). This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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دوره 21، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 69
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آبان 1401
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