مقایسه عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه در کشت مخلوط چاودار (Secale cereale L.) و ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa Roth.) تحت سیستم‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سیستم‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی درکشت مخلوط چاودار (Secale cereale L.) و ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa Roth) آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1398-1397 به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. روش‌های خاک‌ورزی شامل بدون خاک‌ورزی، کم خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی رایج به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و الگوهای کشت مخلوط چاودار و ماشک در پنج سطح شامل 100 درصد ماشک، 75 درصد ماشک + 25 درصد چاودار، 50 درصد ماشک + 50 درصد چاودار، 25 درصد ماشک + 75 درصد چاودار و 100 درصد چاودار به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد گره در ریشه ماشک، عملکرد علوفه خشک ماشک و چاودار، نسبت برابری زمین، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خنثی، ماده خشک قابل هضم و درصد خاکستر بود. نتایج نشان داد که در بین ترکیب‌های کشت مخلوط، بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک چاودار ( kg ha-11625) در تیمار 75 درصد چاودار + 25 درصد ماشک و در سیستم‌ خاک‌ورزی متداول حاصل شد که با تیمار 75 درصد چاودار + 25 درصد ماشک در سیستم خاک‌ورزی کاهش‌یافته اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. در تمامی سیستم‌های خاکورزی مورد آزمایش، الگوی کشت 50 درصد ماشک + 50 درصد چاودار، نسبت برابری زمین (LER) بالاتری داشت. بررسی نتایج کیفیت علوفه نشان داد که الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) و خنثی (NDF) در خاک‌ورزی رایج و کشت خالص چاودار بیشتر از سایر تیمارهای مورد آزمایش بود، درحالی‌که با افزایش نسبت ماشک در کشت مخلوط، مقدار الیاف نامحلول کاهش پیدا کرد. بیشترین ماده خشک قابل هضم (DMD) به‌میزان 445.6 گرم بر کیلوگرم به تیمار شخم کاهشی مربوط بود. این یافته‌ها بر پتانسیل استفاده از خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و سیستم‌های کشت مخلوط به‌عنوان راهبرد‌های مؤثر کشاورزی برای افزایش کمیت و کیفیت تولید علوفه تأکید می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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