تأثیر نانوکود آهن بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص‏‌های ژنوتیپی و محیطی ژنوتیپ‏‌های لوبیا چشم‏‌بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

با وجود تحقیقات به‏‌نژادی در سراسر جهان در رابطه با افزایش تولید محصول لوبیا چشم‌‏بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.)، عملکرد این گیاه در اکثر مناطق کشت پایین است. بنابراین برای افزایش عملکرد در کنار فعالیت‏‌های به‌‏نژادی، باید در زمینه مدیریت زراعی بررسی‏‌های بیشتری صورت گیرد. یکی از عوامل مهم در مدیریت مزرعه و افزایش تولید حبوبات، استفاده از ریزمغذی‏‌ها به‏‌ویژه آهن است. در پژوهش حاضر، واکنش 12 لاین به‏‌همراه رقم مشهد در چهار منطقه از ایران (کرج، دزفول، خمین و شیراز) نسبت به مصرف نانوکود آهن بررسی شد. برخی صفات ریخت‌شناختی و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌‏ها در محیط‏‌های مختلف ارزیابی گردید. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، مصرف نانوکود آهن باعث تسریع در رسیدگی ژنوتیپ‏‌ها شد. اجزای عملکرد (تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن 100 دانه) تحت تأثیر مصرف نانوکود آهن افزایش قابل توجهی (به‏‌ترتیب 17.4، 8.8 و 3.2 درصد) نشان دادند. شاخص برداشت دانه، زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه نیز به‌‏ترتیب 7.1، 7.4 و 10.4 درصد افزایش یافت. مناطق مورد ارزیابی از نظر شاخص محیطی با یکدیگر تفاوت داشتند. بر این اساس، منطقه دزفول بیشترین مقدار شاخص محیطی را داشت. از نظر شاخص ژنوتیپی، بیشترین مقدار مربوط به لاین C1 بود و بیشترین عملکرد را نسبت به میانگین مناطق داشت. این لاین به‏‌همراه لاین‌‏های C4 و C11، برترین ژنوتی‌پ‏ها در مناطق مورد بررسی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 آذر 1403
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