The Effect of Foliar Application of Ferrous sulfate on Production of Multi-capsule per Leaf node in Sesame Plant (Sesamum indicum L.) under Field Condition

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• S. F Fazeli Kakhki ¹
• A Taiiebi ²

¹ Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research, Education and Natural Resources Research Center

² Research and Education Agriculture Center of Khorasan Razavi

10.22067/gsc.v15i1.21228

Abstract

Introduction
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to pedaliaceae family and is one of the most important oilseed crops that will grow in relatively dry region. Each leaf node will have one capsule but in some sesame ecotypes the number of capsule per leaf node can increase (Langham and Wiemers, 2002). Factors such as agricultural operations, growing substrates and variety affect yield and harvest index. Iron is one of the main micronutrient that can affect growth and development (Miller et al., 1982). This research was conducted to study the effects of leaf nutrition on the number of capsules per leaf node of sesame.

Materials and Methods
In order to study the effects of leaf nutrition on the number of capsules per leaf node in sesame plant (sesamum indicum L.), an experimental was conducted at Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Education Center, Iran, 1n 2014. This study was done as a factorial arrangement with two factors, kind of seed and the concentrations of ferrous sulphate on the basis completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was two seed types (one type has been taken from leaf node with three capsules and the other seeds were taken from leaf node with one capsule in sesame plant). The second factor was three concentration of ferrous sulphate (0, 50 and 100 ppm) that applied in %50 vegetation, flowering and capsule phase. Morphological and yield components traits were measured. Data were analyzed with MSTAT-C software and means comparison were done with Duncan multiple range test in 5 percent probability.
Results and Discussion
The first factor (type of seed) showed significant difference on height, length of branch, fresh and dry shoot weight, dry weight of capsule, number capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed weight per plant. Plants growing from the seeds with three capsules in leaf node (Cap2) had the maximum height with 88.2 cm that was 20% more than plants that growth from seeds with one capsule in leaf node (Cap1). The maximum seed weight per plant also obtained from Cap2. The application of ferrous sulphate concentration with 50 ppm increased the number of three capsule nodes in plant but 100 ppm ferrous sulphate had the lowest three capsule nodes per plant. The results of interaction treatments showed that using of 50 ppm ferrous sulphate in Cap2 treatment had the maximum plant height with 89.9 cm. In two treatments Cap1 and Cap2 applying ferrous sulphate concentration with 50 ppm had the maximum number capsule per plant with 84.7 and 88.3 capsule per plant, respectively.
This study showed that biosynthesis of plant metabolite was controlled not only by genetic but also by environmental conditions. Iron is an important component in many plant metabolisms such as chlorophyll and tylakoid synthesis and in development of chloroplast. Goos and Johanson, (2000) showed that two foliar applications of iron compounds (Fe-EDDHA) increased yield in three soybean genotypes. Jana and Jahangir (1987) suggested that using of iron micronutrient with 0.1 ppm produced maximum height in bean. It seems that particular properties of Iron such as Redox properties, capable to establish complex with different ligands, a component of electron transport system and take part in many enzymes structure had important roles in plant metabolism and application of suitable amount can increase growth and yield of plant.
Conclusions
The results showed that foliar application of ferrous sulphate can increase the number of capsules per leaf node as using of 50 ppm ferrous sulfate in plants that grow up from seeds with three capsules in leaf node (Cap2) produced the most multiple capsule percent in leaf node. Maximum seed weight per plant with amount 13.2 g.plant-1 was obtained from applying 50 ppm ferrous sulfate in Cap2 plants. Positive and significant correlation was found between seed weight and multiple capsule percent in leaf node (r=0.82**) and with shoot dry weight (r=0.80**). In addition, the results showed that ferrous sulfate can increase the number of capsules per leaf node.

Keywords

• Height
• Leaf node capsule
• Seed weight
• Three capsules

20.1001.1.20081472.1396.15.1.2.6

---

References

1. Alloway, B. J. 2008. Zinc in soil and crop nutrition. Second edition. Published by IZA and IFA Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France

2. Anon, M. C. 2004. Descriptors for sesame. International Plant Genetic Research Institute Rome Italy

3. Baydar, H., Marquard, R., and Turgut, I. 1999. Pure line selection for improved yield, oil content and different fatty acid composition of sesame (Sesamum indicum L). Plant Breed 118: 462-464

4. Brigham, R.D. 1985. Status of sesame research and production in Texas and USA, in: L.A. Ashi (ed) Sesame and Safflower Status and potentials publication. 66, FAO. Rome 73-74.

5. Bose, U. S. and Tripathi, S. K. 1996. Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of tomato cv. Pusa Ruby. Crop Research 12 (1): 61-64.

6. Chayjan, R. A. 2010. Modeling of sesame seed dehydration energy requirements by a soft-computing approach. Australia journal Crop Science 4: 180-184.

7. Chohura, P., Kolota, E., and Komosa, A. 2009. Effect of Fertilization with Fe Chelates on the State of Iron Nutrition of Greenhouse. Tomato Journal Elementol 14 (4): 657-664.

8. Ebrahimian, E., Bybordi, A., and PasbanEslam, B. 2010. Efficiency of zinc and iron application methods on sunflower. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 8 (3&4): 783-789.

9. Elabdeen, A. Z., and Metwally, A. M. 1982. Effect of foliar spraying with Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu on the quality of tomato and pepper. Agriculture Research Review 60: 143-164.

10. Ghangard, S. R., Chavana, D. C., and Bhalerao, T. S. 1990. Correlation and regression studies in sesame. Research Bull Marathmada Agriculture University 14: 11-14.

11. Grejtovsky, A., Markusova, K., and Eliasova, A. 2006. The response of chamomile (Matricariachamomilla L.) plants to soil zinc supply. Plant, Soil and Environment 52: 1-7.

12. Goos, R. J., and Johanson, B. E. 2000. A comparison of three methods for reducing iron-deficiency chlorosis in soybean. Agronomy Journal 92: 1135-1139.

13. Hazarika, D. K. 1998. Influence of sowing date and varieties on development of powdery mildew of sesame in Assam. Journal of Phytological Research 11: 73-75.

14. Jana, B. K., and Jahangir, K. 1987. Influence of micronutrients on growth and yield of French bean Cv. Contender under polyhouse conditions. Vegetarian Science 14 (2): 124-127.

15. Kang, C. W., Lee, J. I., and Son, E. R. 1985. Studies on the flowering and maturity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) III. Growth of capsule and grain by different plant types. Korean Journal Crop Science 30 (2): 158-164.

16. Kazemi, M. 2013. Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on growth and productivity of cucumber. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 2 (11): 11-14.

17. Langham, D. R., and Wiemers, T. 2002. Progress in mechanizing sesame in the US through breeding. In: Janickand J, Whipkey A (ed) Trends in new crops and new uses, American Society for Horticultural Science Press, Alexandria, Virginia. 157-173.

18. Langham, D. R. 2007. Phenology of sesame. Issues in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.144-182.

19. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrient of higher plants. Second Ed., Academic Press Limited. Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London: 347-364.

20. Miller, G. W., Denney, A., Pushnik, J. U., and Mino-Ho, Yo. 1982. The formation of δ-aminolevulinate a precursor of chlorophyll in barley and the role of iron. Journal Plant Nutrition 5: 289-300.

21. Mousa, G. T., El-Sallami, I. H., and Ali, E. F. 2003. Response of Nigella sativa L. to foliar application of gibberellic acid, benzyladenine, iron and zinc. Assiut Journal of Agricultural of Science (Egypt) 32: 141-156.

22. Mousavi, S. R. 2011. Zinc in crop production and interaction with phosphorus. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5: 1503-1509.

23. Nezami, A., Fazeli Kakhki, F., Zarghani, H., Shabahang, J., and Gandomzadeh, M. R. 2014. Primary investigation of yield and yield component in some sesame ecotype (Sesamum indicum L) in Khorasan province. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12 (2):189-195. (In Persian).

24. Naghdi Badi, H., Yazdani, D., Mohammad, A. S., and Nazari, F. 2004. Effects of spacing and harvesting on herbage yield and quality/quantity of oil in thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. Ind. Crop Production 19:231–236.

25. Ravi, S., Channal, H. T., Hebsur, N. S., Patil, B. N., and Dharamtti, P. R. 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21: 382-385.

26. Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Norozpoor, Gh., Nabati, J., and Mohammad Abadi, A. A. 2004. Effects of different irrigation intervals and plant density on morphological characteristics, grain and oil yields of sesame (Sesamum indicum L). 3(1): 57-68. (In Persian).

27. Roy, N., Abdullah, S. M., Amun, M., and Sarwar, J. 2009. Yield performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties at varying levels of row spacing. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 5 (5): 823-827.

28. Sabockdast, M., and Khialparast, F. 2006. Study relations between yield and yield components in 30 bean variety (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Water and Soil Science 42 (A): 123-133. (In Persian).

29. Suryavanshi, G. B., Pawar, V. S., and Ransing, S. K. 1990. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.). Annals of Plant Physiology 4 (2): 257-259.

30. Weiss, E. A. 2000. Oilseed crops. 2nded. Blackwell Science., Malden, MA.