The Effect of Shoot/Root Competition of Black night shade (Solanum nigrum) on Growth and Seed Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiate L.)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

In order to study the competition effects of Solanum nigrum on Vigna radiate yield, an additive experiment was conducts at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad experimental Greenhouse. The type of design was completely randomized block. Treatments included three density of Solanum nigrum (2, 4, and 6 plants m-2) and three types of competition (root, shoot and both of them) planted at constant density of Vigna radiate plus weed free check in each block. The results indicated that competitions had significant effects (P

Keywords


1- راشد محصل، م.ح.، راستگو، م.، موسوی، س.ک.، ولی الله پور، ر. حقیقی، ع.، 1385. مبانی علم علف هرز. انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
2- شهسواری، م. و رضایی، ع. 1371. اجزای عملکرد لوبیا. علوم کشاورزی ایران. 63- 24:52.
3- کوچکی، ع. و بنایان، م. 1371. زراعت حبوبات. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد
4- گلوی، م. ، راشد محصل، م.ح.، و نصیری محلاتی، م. 1381. ارزیابی رقابت نسبی ارقام سویا (Glycine max) و تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus) در شرایط گلخانه. علوم و صنایع کشاورزی 16(2):161-167.
5- مجنون حسینی، ن. 1375. حبوبات در ایران. نشر جهاد تهران.
6- زند. ا. رحیمیان مشهدی، ح.، کوچکی، ع.، خلقانی، ج.، موسوی، س.ک. ورمضانی، ک. 1383. اکولوژی علف های هرز (کابردهای مدیریتی). انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.
7- Aerts, R. 1999. Interspesific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-oil feedbacks. Journal of Experimental Botany, 50: 29-37.
8- Blakhshaw, R. E. 1991. Hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) interference in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science, 39:48-53.
9- Board, J. E., and B.G. Harville. 1996. Growth dynamics During the vegetative period affects yield of narrow-row, late-planted soybean. Agronomy Journal, 88:567-572.
10- Dias-Filho, M.B., 1997. Physiological response of Solanum crinitum Lam. To contrasting light environments. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileria. 32: 789-796.
11- Faeria, C.A., 1992. Multiple cropping systems and crop yield. In : Maximizing crop yield, N. K. Fageria (Eds). Pp. 81-104. Marcel Dekker Inc. Newyork. USA.
12- Geddes, R.D., Scott, H.D., Olivier, L.R., 1979. Growth and water use by common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and soybean (Glycine max) under field conditions. Weed Sci. 27:206-212.
13- Goldberg, D.E., 1990. Components of resource competition in plant communities.Pp.27-49 in J.B., Grace and D. Tilman (Eds), Perspectives on plant Compatition. Academic Press, New York.
14- Gordon, D.R., Rice, K.J., 1992. Partitioning of space and water between two California annual grassland species. Am. J. Bot. 79:967-976.
15- Grace, J.B., 1995. On the measurement of Plant competition intendity. Ecol. 76:305-308.
16- Holt, J.S., 1995. Plant responses to light: A potential tool for weed management Weed Science. 43:474-482.
17- Kasperbauer, M. J., Karlen, D.L., 1994. Plant spacing and reflected far-red effects on phytochrome- regulated photosynthate allocation in corn seedlings. Crop Science. 34: 1564-1569.
18- Kropff, M. J., Lotz, L.A., 1992. Systems approaches to quantity crop-weed integrations and their application in weed management. Agricultural Systems. 40: 265-282.
19- Maron, J.L., 1997. Interspecific competition and insect herbivory reduce bush lapine (Lapinus arboreus) seedling survival, Oecologia. 110: 284-290.
20- Martin, J. S., Harry, T. C., Chandle, J.M., Rodney, W.B., Carson, K.A., 1998. Above and below grand interference of wheat by Italian ryegrass. Weed Science. 46: 438-441.
21- McGiffen, M. E., J. B. Masjunas, and J. D. Hesketh. 1992. Competition for light between tomatoes and nightshades (Solanum nigrum or S. ptycathum). Weed Science, 40:220-226.
22- Mclelland, M., 2000. Effect of weeds on wheat. www.weedSciense.com.
23- Mortimer, M., 1997. The need for studies on weed ecology to improve weed Management. Export consultation on weed ecology and anagement. F.A.O. Report.
24- Philip, E.N., Bradly, A.M., 1990. Common cocklebure ( Xanthium stramarium) interference in snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology. 4:743-748.
25- Rashed mohassel, M., Nagafi, H., Akbarzade, M., 2001. Biology and weeds control. 404pp.
26- Sadras, V.O., Bange, M.P., Milroy, S.P., 1997. Reproductive allocation of cotton in response to plant and environmental factors. Annals of Botany. 80:75-81.
27- Semers, T. Froud, R.J., 2001. The effects of pea cultivar and water stress on root and shoot competition between vegetative plants of maize and pea. Journal of Ecology. 38: 137-145.
28- Shainsky, L.J., Radosevich, S.R., 1992. Mechanisms of competition between Douglas-fir and red alder seedling. Ecology 73:30-45.
29- Shukla, K. N. Dixit, R.S., 2000. Nutrient and plant population management in summer green gram. Indian. Journal of Agronomy. 41:78-83.
30- Steven, A.F., Mitich, L.W., Radosevich, S.T., 1984. Interference among bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Brnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Weed Science. 32:336-342.
31- Vengris, J., Colby, W.G., Drake, M., 1955. Plant nutrient competition between weeds and corn. Agronomy Journal. 47:213-216.
CAPTCHA Image