Comparison of NPs Foliar Application of Silicon and Zink with Soil Application on Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• N Kheyri ¹
• H Ajam Norouzi ¹
• H Mobasser ²
• B Torabi ³

¹ Islamic Azad University of Gorgan

² Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr

³ Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

10.22067/gsc.v17i3.80028

Abstract

Introduction
Among the nutrients, silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) play a key role in improving plant nutrition and increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, because their deficiency reduces growth and yield. Si, as one of the most abundant soil elements, helps to increase the amount of photosynthesis, improve performance, prevent lodging, and reduce pests and diseases. Zn is one of the most important micronutrients involved in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. One of the most important uses of nanotechnology in various aspects of agriculture in the water and soil section is the application of nano-fertilizers for plant nutrition. Nano-fertilizers can increase the nutrients use efficiency, improve plant growth and reduce environmental impacts compared to traditional methods. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si and Zn by two forms of nanoparticles (NPs) foliar application and soil application in order to increasing the nutrient uptake efficiency and improving the rice grain yield.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatments and three replications in two locations of Mazandaran province (Amol and Nour) in 2016. The treatments included two forms of Si and Zn application: foliar application (nanoparticles source) and soil application (common source) as individually or mixtures treatments. For soil application, Si fertilizer was applied at the rate of 400 kg Ca2SiO4 ha-1 and Zn fertilizer at the rate of 40 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 as basal in experimental plots. Foliar application of nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO in the concentration of 50 mg L-1 was applied at four plant growth stages (early tillering, middle tillering, panicle initiation and full heading stage) in plots. At the end of season, some yield components, grain yield as well as the concentrations and uptake of Si and Zn in grain were determined. The combined analysis of experimental data were done by using MSTAT-C software. The means were compared using the LSD test at 5% of probability level.
 
Results and Discussion
The results revealed that yield components, yield and concentration and uptake of experimental elements in rice grain were significantly increased by Si and Zn application in both methods of NPs foliar application and soil application compared to the control. In the case of soil application of the elements, combined use of Si and Zn was never statistically superior to use of only Zn in terms of yield, concentrations and uptake of test elements, but there was a significant difference in the sole application of Si in terms of panicle length and Zn concentration and uptake in rice grain. The combined application of Si and Zn as soil was statistically superior to the separate application of both elements in terms of fertile tillers per hill at Amol and filled grains per panicle at Nour site. In the case of NPs foliar application, combined use of Si and Zn was not statistically superior to use of only Zn in terms of yield and all other studied parameters, but superior to the separately use of Si for fertile tillers number in both experimental sites and Zn concentration and uptake in rice grains.
 
Conclusions
The Zn application had a better effect on Zn concentration and uptake in grain compared with Si, but there was no significant difference between Si and Zn application in terms of grain yield. There was no significant difference between the methods used in this experiment in terms of grain yield and concentration and uptake of Si and Zn in grain. Therefore, according to the results of this research, NPs foliar spray and soil application of Si and Zn is effective way for increasing concentration and uptake of test elements and as well as improving rice grain yield in soils having low-availability of these two nutrients.
 

Keywords

• Application method
• Application source
• grain yield
• Nanofertilizer
• Elements uptake

20.1001.1.20081472.1398.17.3.12.4

---

References

1. Alharby, H. F., Metwali, E. M. R., Fuller, M. P., and Aldhebiani, A. Y. 2016. Impact of application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on callus induction, plant regeneration, element content and antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) under salt stress. Archives of Biological Sciences 68 (4): 723-735.

2. Amanullah., and Inamullah. 2016. Dry matter partitioning and harvest index differ in rice genotypes with variable rates of phosphorus and zinc nutrition. Rice Science 23 (2): 78-87.

3. Anzer-Alam, M. D., and Kumar, M. 2015. Effect of zinc on growth and yield of rice var. Pusa Basmati-1 in Saran district of Bihar. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 5 (2): 82-85.

4. Cuong, T. X., Ullah, H., Datta, A., and Hanh, T. C. 2017. Effects of silicon-based fertilizer on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rice in tropical zone of Vietnam. Rice Science 24 (5): 283-290.

5. Dhamapurkar, V. B., Talashilkar, S. C., and Sonar, K. R. 2011. Effect of calcium silicate slag on yield and silica uptake by rice. Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Silicon in Agriculture. September 13-18. Beijing, China.

6. Dwivedi, R., and Srivastva, P. C. 2014. Effect of zink sulphate application and the cyclic incorporation of cereal straw on yields, the tissue concentration and uptake of Zn by crops and availability of Zn in soil under rice-wheat rotation. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 3 (53): 1-12.

7. Emami, A. 1996. Methods of plant analysis. Vol 982. Soil and Water Research Institute. 130 p. (in Persian).

8. Farooq, M., Ullah, A., Rehman, A., Nawaz, A., Nadeem, A., Wakeel, A., Nadeem, F., and Siddique, K. H. M. 2018. Application of zinc improves the productivity and biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice grown in dry seeded and puddle transplanted production systems. Field Crops Research 216: 53-62.

9. Ghasemi, M., Noormohammadi, Gh., Madani, H., Mobasser, H. R., and Nouri, M. Z. 2017. Effect of foliar application of zinc nano oxide on agronomic traits of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Research 52 (6): 195-201.

10. Ghasemi Lemraski, M., Normohamadi, Gh., Madani, H., Heidari Sharifabad, H., and Mobasser, H. R. 2014. Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. Journal of New Finding in Agriculture 9: 47-66. (in Persian).

11. Jaksomsak, P., Rerkasem, B., and Thai, C. P. U. 2017. Response of grain zinc and nitrogen concentration to nitrogen fertilizer application in rice varieties with high-yielding low-grain zinc and low-yielding high grain zinc concentration. Plant and Soil 411 (1-2): 101-109.

12. Jeer, M., Telugu, U. M., Voleti, S. R., and Padmakumari, A. P. 2017. Soil application of silicon reduces yellow stem borer, scripophage incertulas (Walker) damage in rice. Journal of Applied Entomology 141 (3): 189-201.

13. Kheyri, N., and Mobasser, H. R. 2016. Effect of seedling age and seeding rate in nursery on some agronomic traits and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Tarom Hashemi. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 10 (2): 431-446. (in Persian with English abstract).

14. Kim, Y. H., Khan, A. L., Shinwari, Z. K., Kim, D. H., Waqas, M., Kamran, M., and Lee, I. J. 2012. Silicon treatment to rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Gopumbyeo) plants during different growth periods and its effects on growth and grain yield. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44 (3): 891-897.

15. Lavinsky, A. O., Detmann, K. C., Reis, J. V., Avila, R. T., Sanglard, M. L., Pereira, L. F., Sanglard, L. M. V. P., Rodrigues, F. A., Araujo, W. L., and DaMatta, F. M. 2016. Silicon improves rice grain yield and photosynthesis specifically when supplied during the reproductive growth stage. Journal of Plant Physiology 206: 125-132.

16. Longping, Y. 2004. Hybrid rice for food security in the world. FAO Rice Conference Rome, Italy. 12-13.

17. Lou, Y. S., Wu, L., Lixuan, R., Meng, Y, Shidi, Z., and Huaiwei, Z. 2016. Effects of silicon application on diurnal variations of physiological properties of rice leaves of plants at the heading stage under elevated UV-B radiation. International Journal of Biometeorology 60 (2): 311-318.

18. Mahmoud, E., Abdel-Haliem, F., Hegazy, H. S., Hassan, N. S., and Naguib, D. M. 2017. Effect of silica ions and nano silica on rice plants under salinity stress. Ecological Engineering 99: 282-289.

19. Mazaherinia, S., Astaraei, A. R., Fotovat, A., and Monshi, A. 2010. Effect of nano iron oxide particles on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in wheat plant. Journal of World Applied Sciences 7 (1): 156-162.

20. Meena, V. D., Dotaniya, M. L., Coumar, V., Rajendiran, S., Ajay, Kundu, S., and Rao, A. S. 2014. A case for silicon fertilization to improve crop yields in tropical soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 84 (3): 505-518.

21. Naik, S. K., and Das, D. K. 2007. Effect of split application of zinc on yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an inceptisol. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 53 (3): 305-313.

22. Rezaei, R., Hosseini, S. M., Shabanali Fami, H., and Safa, L. 2009. Identification and analysis of the barriers of nanotechnology development in the iranian agricultural sector from the viewpoint of the researchers. Journal of Science and Technology Policy 2 (1): 17-26. (in Persian with English abstract).

23. Saha, A., Sarkar, R. K., and Yamagishi, Y. 1998. Effect of time of nitrogen application on spikelet differentiation and degeneration of rice. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 39: 119-123.

24. Saha, S., Chakraborty, M., Padhan, D., Saha, B., Murmu, S., Batabyal, K., Seth, A., Hazra, G. C., Mandal, B., and Bell, R. W. 2017. Agronomic biofortification of zinc in rice: influence of cultivars and zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc bioavailability. Field Crops Research 210: 52-60.

25. Sainz, M. J., Taboada-Castro, M. T., and Vilarino, A. 1998. Growth, mineral nutrition and mycorrhizal colonization of red clover and cucumber plants grown in a soil amended with composted urban wastes. Plant and Soil 205 (1): 85-92.

26. Shivay, Y. S., Prasad, R., Kaur, R., and Pal, M. 2016. Relative efficiency of zinc sulphate and chelated zinc on zinc biofortification of rice grains and zinc use-efficiency in Basmati rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B, Biological Sciences 86 (4): 973-984.

27. Tamai, K., and Ma, J. F. 2008. Reexamination of silicon effects on rice growth and production under field conditions using a low silicon mutant. Plant and Soil 307: 21-27.

28. Tiong, J., McDonald, G. K., Genc, Y., Pedas, P., Hayes, J. E., Toubia, J., Langridge, P., and Huang, C. Y. 2014. HvZIP7 mediates zinc accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) at moderately high zinc supply. New Phytologist 201 (1): 131-143.

29. Tuyogon, D. S. J., Impa, S. M., Castillo, O. B., Larazo, W., and Johnson-Beebout, S. E. 2016. Enriching rice grain zinc through zinc fertilization and water management. Soil Science Society of America Journal 80 (1): 121-134.

30. Upadhyaya, H., Roy, H., Shome, S., Tewari, S., Bhattacharya, M. K., and Panda, S. K. 2017. Physiological impact of zinc nanoparticle on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed. Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 1: 062-070.

31. Wang, S., Wang, F., and Gao, S. 2015. Foliar application with nano-silicon alleviates Cd toxicity in rice seedlings. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22 (4): 2837-2845.

32. Yazdpour, H. 2014. Role of nano-silicon and other silicon resources on uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus, lodging indics and quantitative and qualitative yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ph.D thesis. Department of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. 275 P.

33. Yazdpour, H., Noormohamadi, Gh., Madani, H., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., Mobasser, H. R., and Oshri, M. 2014. Role of nano-silicon and other silicon resources on straw and grain protein, phosphorus and silicon contents in Iranian rice cultivar (Oryza sativa cv. Tarom). International Journal of Biosciences 5 (12): 449-456.

34. Yoshida, S. 1975. The physiology of silicon in rice. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC), Technical Bulletin. 25: 1-27.

35. Yuvaraj, M., and Subramanian, K. S. 2014. Fabrication of zinc nano fertilizer on growth parameter of rice. Trends in Biosciences 7 (17): 2564-2565.

36. Zia, Z., Bakhat, H. F., Saqib, Z. A., Shah, G. M., Fahad, S., Ashraf, M. R., Hammad, H. M., Naseem, W., and Shahid, M. 2017. Effect of water management and silicon on germination, growth, phosphorus and arsenic uptake in rice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 144: 11-18.