بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گیاه سیاه‏‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) با کاربرد کود ورمی‌کمپوست در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عبدالعظیم بهرامی فرد ¹

محمد رضا بازیار ²

¹ دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

² گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

10.22067/jcesc.2022.72537.1088

چکیده

شناخت تاریخ مناسب کاشت گیاهان دارویی برای هر منطقه می‌‏تواند در افزایش محصول موثر باشد. از سوی دیگر ورمی‌‏کمپوست با بهبود وضعیت بستر خاک می‏‌تواند سبب افزایش عملکرد گردد. در این پژوهش جذب عناصر غذایی، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گیاه سیاه‌‏دانه با کاربرد کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت در سال 1400-1399 در شهرستان فسا بررسی شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت در شش سطح (15 بهمن، 1 اسفند، 15 اسفند، 1 فروردین، 15 فروردین و 1 اردیبهشت) و فاکتور دوم ورمی‌‏کمپوست در سه سطح (شاهد و ورمی‏‌کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین جذب نیتروژن و فسفر در 1 اسفند و 15 اسفند مشاهده شد. همچنین بالاترین جذب نیتروژن و فسفر برگ در استفاده از کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. در تاریخ‌‏های مختلف کاشت، کود ورمی‌کمپوست 10 تن در هکتار سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ، شاخص برداشت و وزن هزار دانه شد. در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند، 10 تن در هکتار کود ورمی‏‌کمپوست سبب افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی به میزان 8/5 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین 10 تن در هکتار کود ورمی‌‏کمپوست سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند و 15 اسفند به‌ترتیب به میزان 2/13 و 8/17 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. در مجموع تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند تا 1 فروردین و استفاده از کود ورمی‌کمپوست 10 تن در هکتار برای کاشت گیاه سیاه‌‏دانه قابل توصیه می‏‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص برداشت

عملکرد دانه

فسفر

کلروفیل

نشت یونی

20.1001.1.20081472.1401.20.2.4.5

موضوعات

• فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

---

مراجع

1. Ali, U., Sajid, N., Khalid, A., Riaz, L., Rabbani, M. M., Syed, J. H., and Malik, R.N. 2015. A review on vermicomposting of organic wastes. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy 34: 1050-1062. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12100.
2. Ariafar, S., and Sirousmehr, A. R. 2017. Effect of municipal solid waste compost on yield and quantity and quality characteristics of black cumin under water stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement 19: 31-42. (in Persian with English abstract).
3. Arnon, D. E. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase (Beta vulgaris). Plant Physiology 24: 1-15. DOI: 1104/pp.24.1.1.
4. Atif, M. J., Amin, B., Ghani, M. I., Ali, M., and Cheng, Z. 2020. Variation in morphological and quality parameters in garlic (Allium sativum) bulb influenced by different photoperiod, temperature, sowing and harvesting time. Plants 9: 155.https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020155.
5. Attarzadeh, M., Balouchi, H. R., Rajaie, M., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., and Salehi, A. 2019. Improvement of Echinacea purpurea performance by integration of phosphorus with soil microorganisms under different irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management 221: 238-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.04.022.
6. Baghbani-Arani, A., Modarres-Sanavy, S. A. M., Mashhadi-Akbar-Boojar, M., and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. 2017. Towards improving the agronomic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and pigments in fenugreek using zeolite and vermicompost under deficit water stress. Industrial Crops and Products 109: 346-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.08.049.
7. Bagheri, F., and Balouchi, H. R. 2013. The effect of planting date on some quantitative and qualitative traits of nine grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars in Yasouj region. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 3 (9): 29-43. (in Persian with English abstract).
8. Chaturvedi, S., and Pandey, R. 2020. Bioinoculant with vermicompost augments essential oil constituents and antioxidants in Mentha arvensis Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10189-y.
9. Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., and Attia, H. 2007. Nigella sativa: Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food chemistry 101: 673-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.022.
10. Demir, Z. 2019. Effects of vermicompost on soil physicochemical properties and lettuce (Lactuca sativa Crispa) yield in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50: 2151-2168. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1654508.
11. Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I., Dhillon, S. S., and Fischer, R. A. 1994. Date of sowing effects on grain yield and yield components of irrigated spring wheat cultivars and relationships with radiation and temperature in Ludhiana, India. Field Crops Research 37: 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90096-5.
12. Erdal, İ., and Ekinci, K. 2020. Effects of composts and vermicomposts obtained from forced aerated and mechanically turned composting method on growth, mineral nutrition, and nutrient uptake of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 43: 1343-1355. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1727506.
13. Fallahi, H. R., Taherpour Kalantari, R., Asadian, A. H., Aghhavani-shajari, M., and Ramazani, H. R. 2018. Effect of different soil fertilizing agents on growth and yield of isabgol and black seed as two medicinal plants. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 49 (3): 1-11. (in Persian with English abstract).
14. Ghorbani, R., Koocheki, A., Jahani, M., Hosseini, A., Mohammad-Abadi, A. A., and Sabet Teimouri, M. 2010. Effect of planting date, weed control time, and method on yield and yield components of cumin. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7 (1): 143-151. (in Persian with English abstract).
15. Gohari, G., Mohammadi, A., and Duathi Kazemnia, H. 2019. Effect of vermicompost on some growth and biochemical characteristic of Dracocephalum moldavica under water salinity stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 29: 151-168. (in Persian with English abstract).
16. Hosseini, S. S., Nadjafi, F., Asareh, M. H., and Rezadoost, H. 2018. Morphological and yield related traits, essential oil and oil production of different landraces of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 233: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.038.
17. Hosseinzadeh, S. R., Amiri, H., and Ismaili, A. 2018. Evaluation of photosynthesis, physiological, and biochemical responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Pirouz) under water deficit stress and use of vermicompost fertilizer. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 17: 2426-2437.
18. Hussain, M., Farooq, M., Shabir, G., Khan, M. B., Zia, A. B., and Lee, D. J. 2012. Delay in Planting Decreases Wheat Productivity. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14.
19. Ievinsh, G. 2020. Review on physiological effects of vermicomposts on plants. Biology of Composts 58: 63-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39173-7_4.
20. Ijaz, H., Tulain, U. R., Qureshi, J., Danish, Z., Musayab, S., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Khan, K. A. U. R., Zaman, M., and Waheed, I. 2017. Nigella sativa (Prophetic Medicine): A Review. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 30.
21. Jahan, M., Sen, R., Ishtiaque, S., Choudhury, A. K., Akhter, S., Ahmed, F., Biswas, J. C., Manirruzaman, M., Miah, M. M., and Rahman, M. 2018. Optimizing sowing window for wheat cultivation in Bangladesh using CERES-wheat crop simulation model. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 258: 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.008.
22. Javadi Hedayat Abad, F., Nezami, A., Kafi, M., and Shabahang, J. 2014. Effects of Sowing Time on Yield of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Ecotypes under Mashhad Conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12: 632-640. (in Persian with English abstract).
23. Javadi, H. 2008. Effect of planting dates and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6: 59-66. (in Persian with English abstract).
24. Jones, J. R., Wolf, J. B., and Mkks, H. A. 1991. Plant analysis: A paractical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide. Micro and Macro publishing Inc. Athens, Georgia.
25. Kamaei, H., Eisvand, H. R., Daneshvar, M., and Nazarian, F. 2019. The study effects of planting date, phosphate Bio-fertilizer and foliar application of zinc and boron on leaf area index, leaf area duration, leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability, quantum efficiency of PSII, leaf proline content and grain yield of bread wheat. Plant Process and Function 8 (29): 59-74. (in Persian with English abstract).
26. Kamali, N., Pour, M. K., and Soleymani, A. 2020. Light absorption and light extinction in barley (Hordeum vulgare) as affected by planting dates and plant genotypes. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 142: 589-597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03342-w.
27. Kazemi, M. 2014. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 17: 1002-1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.914857.
28. Khichar, M. L., and Niwas, I. 2006. Microclimatic profiles under different sowing environment in wheat. Journal of Agrometeorology 8: 201-209.
29. Lang, C. A. 1958. Simple micro determination of kjeldahl nitrogen in biological materials. Analytical Chemistry 30: 1692-1694. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60142a038.
30. Lim, S. L., Wu, T. Y., Lim, P. N., and Shak, K. P. Y. 2015. The use of vermicompost in organic farming: overview, effects on soil and economics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95: 1143-1156. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6849.
31. Majeed, A., Muhammad, Z., Ahmad, H., Hayat, S. S. S., Inayat, N., and Siyyar, S. 20201. Nigella sativa: Uses in traditional and contemporary medicines-An overview. Acta Ecologica Sinica 41 (4): 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2020.02.001.
32. Mubvuma, M. T., Ogola, J. B., and Mhizha, T. 2021. Effect of planting date and genotype on intercepted radiation and radiation use efficiency in chickpea crop (Cicer arietinum). Cogent Food & Agriculture 7: 1899422. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1899422.
33. Nigussie, A., Kuyper, T. W., Bruun, S., and de Neergaard, A. 2016. Vermicomposting as a technology for reducing nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions from small-scale composting. Journal of Cleaner Production 139: 429-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.058.
34. Rathore, S., and Kumar, R. 2021. Vermicompost fertilization and pinching improves the growth, yield, and quality of super food (Chenopodium quinoa) in the western Himalaya. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 43: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-020-03184-z.
35. Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Ahmadzadeh Motlagh, M. 2007. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Islamabad-Ghayein. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 76: 62-68.
36. Safaei, Z., Azizi, M., Davarynejad, G., and Aroiee, H. 2017. The effect of planting seasons on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa). Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-product 6: 27-33. DOI: 10.22092/JMPB.2017.113147.
37. Sairam, R. K., Dharmar, K., Chinnusamy, V., and Meena, R. C. 2009. Water logging-induced increase in sugar mobilization, fermentation, and related gene expression in the roots of mug bean (Vigna radiata). Journal of Plant Physiology 6: 602-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.09.005.
38. Seghatoleslami, M. J., and Ahmadi Bonakdar, Kh. 2010. The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 26 (2): 265-274. (in Persian with English abstract).
39. Seyyedi, S. M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khajeh Hossieni, M., and Shahandeh, H. 2020. Effect of calcareous soil amendments on quantitative and qualitative yields of black seed (Nigella sativa). Journal of Agroecology 11 (4): 1437-1448. (in Persian with English abstract).
40. Subedi, K., Ma, B., and Xue, A. 2007. Planting date and nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop Science 47: 36-44. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.02.0099.
41. Sultana, S., Das, B., Rudra, B. C., Das, G., and Alam, B. 2017. Effect of date of sowing on productivity of black cumin. Annals of Horticulture 10: 172-175. DOI:5958/0976-4623.2017.00029.9.
42. Vatandoost, M., and Madandoust, M. 2021. Improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of dracocephalum moldavica with vermicompost in different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 19 (3): 249-260. (in Persian with English abstract).
43. Weatherely, P. E. 1950. Studies in water relation on cotton plants, the field measurement of water deficit in leaves. New Phytologist 49: 81-87.
44. Yosefi Shiadeh, S. Y., Chalavi, V., and Zangi, S. 2015. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and photoperiod on greenhouse production of medicinal plant stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 6 (1): 31-39. (in Persian with English abstract).