تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی و برخی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (ورمی‌کمپوست، اسید هیومیک و نانواکسید آهن) بر اجزای پر شدن دانه، گره‌زایی و عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

آبیاری تکمیلی و کاربرد تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (همانند ورمی‌کمپوست، اسید هیومیک و نانواکسید آهن) می‌تواند اثرات کمبود آب تحت شرایط دیم را کاهش داده و اجزای پر شدن دانه و گره‌زایی را در نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) دیم افزایش دهد. در این راستا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ای در نزدیکی اردبیل در سال زراعی 1402 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست در سه سطح (عدم استفاده به‌عنوان شاهد، کاربرد چهار و هشت تن در هکتار) و محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک و نانواکسید آهن در چهار سطح (محلول‌پاشی یک گرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن، 0.2 گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک، کاربرد توأم اسید هیومیک و نانواکسید آهن، عدم کاربرد به‌عنوان شاهد) و آبیاری در دو سطح (دیم به‌عنوان شاهد و انجام آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گل‌دهی) را شامل می‌شدند. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب، عملکرد کوانتومی و تعداد غلاف در بوته به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت اثرات اصلی سطوح آبیاری، ورمی‌کمپوست و اسید هیومیک قرار گرفتند. همچنین سطوح آبیاری × ورمی‌کمپوست × اسید هیومیک بر اجزای پر شدن دانه (سرعت پر شدن دانه، حداکثر وزن دانه، طول دوره و دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه) و عملکرد دانه اثر معنی‌داری داشت. نتایج نشان داد که کمبود آب تحت شرایط دیم در مقایسه با آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گل‌دهی، منجر به کاهش معنی‌داری در عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود شد. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که استفاده از آبیاری تکمیلی و کاربرد تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش (ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی با اسید هیومیک و نانواکسید آهن)، سرعت پر شدن دانه (51.9 درصد)، طول دوره و دوره مؤثر پر شدن دانه (به‌ترتیب 62.5 و 44.6 درصد) و عملکرد دانه را (57 درصد) در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش تحت شرایط دیم افزایش داد. کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی با نانواکسید آهن و اسید هیومیک، تعداد گره فعال (2.8 برابر)، وزن خشک گره (45 درصد) و درصد گره فعال (2.3 برابر) را در مقایسه با سطح شاهد (عدم کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و نانواکسید آهن و اسید هیومیک) افزایش داد. ازاین‌رو، با در نظر گرفتن نتایج این آزمایش، می‌توان اظهار داشت که استفاده از تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش و آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گل‌دهی می‌تواند گره‌زایی، اجزای پر شدن دانه و عملکرد دانه نخود دیم را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 12 اسفند 1403

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