تأثیر روش کاشت و مصرف آب بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر روش کاشت و میزان مصرف آب بر ویژگی‌های کمَی و کیفی گیاه چای ترش، آزمایشی‎ در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کاشمر در دو سال 1395 و 1396 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش آبیاری در هفت سطح شامل تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی (1I)، 80 درصد نیاز آبی از هشت برگی تا اواخر گل‌دهی (2I)، 80 درصد نیاز آبی از هشت برگی تا اوایل گل‌دهی (3I)، 80 درصد نیاز آبی از اوایل تا اواخر گل‌دهی (4I)، 60 درصد نیاز آبی از هشت برگی تا اواخر گل‌دهی (5I)، 60 درصد نیاز آبی از هشت برگی تا اوایل گل‌دهی (6I)، 60 درصد نیاز آبی از اوایل تا اواخر گل‌دهی (7I) و روش کاشت در دو سطح (نشاکاری و کشت مستقیم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل آبیاری و روش کاشت بر عملکرد زیست‌توده، ویتامین ث، فنل کل کاسبرگ، پروتئین و روغن دانه معنی‌دار بود. حداکثر روغن دانه (21.25 درصد) در تیمار 1I و روش کاشت نشایی به‌دست آمد. تیمار 1 Iو روش کشت مستقیم، بیشترین عملکرد زیست‌توده (9064.33 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار 4 Iو روش کشت مستقیم، بیشترین میزان ویتامین ث (32.35 میلی‌گرم در 100 میلی‌لیتر) کاسبرگ را به خود اختصاص دادند. حداکثر فنل کل (41.96 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده خشک) و پروتئین (31.32 درصد) نیز در تیمار 7 Iو روش کشت مستقیم حاصل شد. در سطوح آبیاری بین دو روش کشت اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت، به‌جز برای فنل کل کاسبرگ و دو سطح 5 Iو 6 Iکه مقدار آن در روش کشت مستقیم بیشتر از نشاکاری بود. عملکرد دانه، عملکرد کاسبرگ، شاخص برداشت دانه، شاخص برداشت کاسبرگ و آنتوسیانین تحت تأثیر اثر آبیاری قرار گرفتند، به‌طوری‌که با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، عملکرد، شاخص برداشت دانه و شاخص برداشت کاسبرگ کاهش و میزان آنتوسیانین افزایش یافت. با توجه به این‌که بین عملکرد دانه و کاسبرگ تیمارهای 1 I(به‌ترتیب 667.54 و 392.73 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 2I اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید، جهت حصول عملکرد کمَی و کیفی قابل ‌قبول در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه مورد مطالعه، آبیاری به‌میزان 80 درصد نیاز آبی از هشت برگی تا اواخر گل‌دهی مناسب خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 شهریور 1402
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