پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

بررسی اثر تیمارهای آبیاری و تغذیه کود دامی بر خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora Bioss.) در اقلیم مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مصطفی شمشادی
مهدی پارسا
پرویز رضوانی مقدم
سرور خرم دل
گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
10.22067/jcesc.2024.88747.1337
چکیده
آویشن شیرازی با نام علمی (Zataria multiflora Bioss.) گونه­ای دارویی است که از پراکندگی محدود در جهان برخوردار می­باشد. با توجه به شرایط سخت رشدی و تولید آن در شکاف و دامنه­های سنگلاخی به نظر می­رسد که این گیاه متحمل و سازگار با شرایط سخت و پرتنش از جمله تنش خشکی باشد. ازآنجاکه بحران آب در ایران بسیار جدی است و تهدید‌کننده بسیاری از گیاهان زراعی است، لذا در این شرایط کاشت آویشن شیرازی به‌عنوان یک گیاه دارویی اقتصادی و چندساله که در معرض آسیب برداشت بی­رویه نیز قرار دارد، می­تواند راهکاری امیدبخش باشد. در این ارتباط، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر آبیاری و کود دامی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه آویشن شیرازی در مزرعه دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1400 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح مختلف کود دامی شامل 41، 52، 62 تن در هکتار و شاهد (بدون کود) و همچنین سطوح آبیاری شامل 2100، 3000 و 3900 مترمکعب در هکتار بودند، یافته‌های تجزیه آماری نشان‌دهنده تأثیر معنی‌دار آبیاری بر صفات ریخت‌شناختی این گیاه بودند، با کاهش حجم آبیاری شاخص سطح برگ (47 درصد)، ارتفاع ساقه و بوته (26 درصد)، قطر بزرگ و کوچک، تعداد شاخه جانبی، وزن (بوته، برگ، ساقه و گل) و همچنین عملکرد کل (41 درصد) کاهش پیدا کرد، کود دامی نیز روی صفات قطر بزرگ پایین بوته و وزن گل تأثیرگذار بود و با افزایش کود افزایش یافت. براساس نتایج کلی، حجم آبیاری پایین باعث ایجاد محدودیت، عقب‌ماندگی، کاهش رشد و در نهایت کاهش وزن خشک می‌شود، لذا حجم‌های بالاتر آبیاری برای بهبود رشد توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رشد رویشی گیاه
شاخص سطح برگ
صفات مورفولوژیکی
گیاهان دارویی
مدیریت آبیاری
موضوعات

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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