تأثیر 24-اپی براسینولید و عصاره گل کلم (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) بر عملکرد دانه و برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی ارقام حساس و متحمل به شوری کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه میکروبیولوژی و مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی آفاق ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی در سال‌های اخیر، کاهش بارش را به دنبال داشته است. این پدیده علاوه‌بر تحمیل خشکی، موجب شوری آب و خاک مورد استفاده برای کشاورزی شده است. برای به حداقل رساندن اثرات این پدیده بر امنیت غذایی، لازم است از هم‌اکنون تمهیداتی در خصوص استفاده از گیاهان جایگزین و موادی مانند براسینواستروئیدها که تنش شوری را برای محصولات گیاهی قابل‌تحمل می‌کنند، اندیشیده شود. کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) گیاهی است با پتانسیل تولید بالا که با توجه به غنی بودن آن از مواد مغذی مورد نیاز انسان و دام، می‌تواند به‌عنوان نماینده مناسبی جهت جایگزینی غلات حساس به تنش شوری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر 24-اپی براسینولید و عصاره گل کلم (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)، روی برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و مرتبط با کیفیت علوفه ارقام کینوا در سطوح شوری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد مهاباد در بهار و تابستان سال 1401 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل ارقام متحمل (تی‌تی‌کاکا) و نیمه‌حساس (ساجما) به شوری کینوا، کاربرد مواد تعدیل‌کننده تنش در سه سطح (بدون کاربرد، کاربرد 24-اپی براسینولید و کاربرد عصاره گل کلم) و سطوح شوری آب آبیاری (بدون شوری و 15 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بودند. بعد از نمونه‌گیری، ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی، بیوشیمیایی و ویژگی‌های مربوط به کیفیت علوفه اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی 24-اپی براسینولید و عصاره گل کلم باعث افزایش کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، پرولین، فنل و کربوهیدارت‌های محلول و افزایش ویژگی‌های کیفی علوفه (درصد ماده خشک قابل هضم، پروتئین خام، درصد خاکستر و کربوهیدارت‌های محلول در آب) و کاهش پراکسید هیدروژن و ویژگی‌های منفی مرتبط با کیفیت علوفه (الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و فیبرخام) شدند. استفاده از دو محلول ضدتنش به‌خصوص 24-اپی‌براسینولید به‌طور قابل‌توجهی آسیب‌های اکسیداتیو ناشی از تنش شوری را با کاهش پراکسید هیدروژن و افزایش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های غیرآنزیمی بهبود بخشید. ازاین‌رو به‌منظور بهبود رشد و کیفیت علوفه و کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری، محلول‌پاشی توسط 24-اپی براسینولید و عصاره گل کلم در هر دو رقم تی‌تی‌کاکا و ساجما می‌تواند مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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