اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن و اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرایط کم‌آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

2 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از اثرات تنش خشکی بر هم زدن تعادل تغذیه‎ای در گیاهان است. کاربرد عناصر غذایی مانند آهن به‌صورت محلول‎پاشی به‌دلیل تأثیر در افزایش مقاومت به تنش‌های غیرزیستی می‌تواند در کاهش خسارت ناشی از کمبود آب مؤثر باشد. اسید سالیسیلیک یکی از تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی است که در افزایش تحمل گیاهان به تنش‎هایی هم‌چون خشکی مؤثر است. به‌منظور بررسی واکنش کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) به خشکی به‎ویژه تأثیر محلول‌پاشی با آهن و اسید سالیسیلیک، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1400-1399 به‎صورت اسپلیت‎پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد با سه تکرار انجام شد. سه سطح مختلف آبیاری (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری از مرحله گل‌دهی و از مرحله کپسول‌دهی تا انتهای فصل رشد) در کرت‌های اصلی، و محلول‌پاشی (یک میلی‎مولار) و عدم محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و ریزمغذی آهن (سه در هزار) به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‎های فرعی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در شرایط کاربرد همزمان اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن در آبیاری کامل (82.66 سانتی‎متر) و کمترین ارتفاع بوته در تیمار عدم‎ کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن و شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی (42.66 سانتی‎متر) مشاهده شد. بیشترین تعداد دانه در کپسول در تیمار کاربرد همزمان محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله کپسول‌دهی (56.66) و کمترین مقدار این صفت در شرایط عدم کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن و تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی (22.77 دانه در کپسول) به دست آمد. با قطع آبیاری در مرحله کپسول‌دهی و گل‌دهی، عملکرد دانه به‎ترتیب 39 و 55 درصد نسبت به آبیاری کامل کاهش یافت و محلول‌پاشی آهن باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه به‌میزان 18 درصد نسبت به عدم مصرف آهن شد. تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله کپسول‎دهی، محلول‌پاشی همزمان اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن و محلول‌پاشی جداگانه اسید سالیسیلیک و آهن، شاخص برداشت را به‌ترتیب 16، 7 و 6 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد محلول‌پاشی افزایش داد. به‎طور کلی، به نظر می‎رسد که محلول‎پاشی یک میلی‎مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و پنج در هزار آهن، اثرات منفی قطع آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی و کپسول‎دهی در کنجد را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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