ارزیابی عملکرد و خصوصیات زراعی ارقام و لاین‌های پیشرفته سورگوم علوفه‌ای (Sorghum bicolor L.) تحت تنش شوری در منطقه سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احمد قاسمی ¹

محمدرضا نارویی راد ¹

محمود محمدقاسمی ¹

هادی سیاسر ²

¹ بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران

² گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.22067/jcesc.2025.94396.1413

چکیده

با توجه به توقف ورود آب به رودخانه هیرمند و افزایش شوری آب چاه‌های سطحی در منطقه سیستان، نیاز به گزینش و کشت ژنوتیپ­‌های متحمل به شوری ضرورت دارد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری بر عملکرد و صفات ریخت‌شناسی ارقام و لاین‌های جدید سورگوم علوفه‌­ای (Sorghum bicolor L.) ، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 1399 و 1400 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی زهک انجام شد. در این آزمایش، شوری آب آبیاری در سه سطح (شامل شاهد و شوری متوسط و شدید به‌ترتیب با هدایت‌های الکتریکی 3-2، 6-4 و 8-6 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و شش ژنوتیپ سورگوم علوفه‌ای (ارقام پگاه، اسپیدفید و منصور و لاین‌های KFS15، KFS16 و KFS17) به­عنوان عامل فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اثر برهم‌کنش شوری و ژنوتیپ بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین درصد پروتئین به‌ترتیب در رقم منصور و اسپیدفید و آبیاری غیرشور با میانگین 15.03 و 14.75 درصد به دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک (به‌ترتیب 146.943 و 38.714 تن در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری غیرشور و رقم منصور حاصل شد. در سطح شوری شدید رقم پگاه با عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک به‌ترتیب 72.010 و 21.297 تن در هکتار نسبت به بقیه ارقام و لاین‌ها برتری داشت. با توجه به نتایج، در شرایط آبیاری غیرشور، رقم منصور و در شرایط آبیاری با آب شور رقم پگاه به‌عنوان ارقام علوفه‌ای مناسب برای منطقه سیستان قابل ‌توصیه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع بوته

تعداد برگ

علوفه ‌تر

علوفه خشک

محتوای پروتئین

موضوعات

• تنش های محیطی

---

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

مراجع

1. Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H. R., Hatami, F., Abdshah, H., & Kazemian, A. (2020). Agricultural Statistics Yearbook, Volume 1: Crop Products. Information Technology and Communication Center, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, 32 p. (in Persian)
2. Alinia, M., & Kazemini, A. (2017). Effect of salinity stress on growth, yield, and some physiological traits of forage sorghum cultivars. Journal of Crop and Horticultural Products Production and Processing, 7(2), 19-31. (in Persian)
3. Ashraf, M., & Tufail, M. (1995). Variation in salinity tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 174, 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb01122.x
4. Ataei, R., Torabi, M., Ghasemi, A., & Shiri, M. R. (2024). Investigation and feasibility of pearl millet hybrid ultivars development in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 55(1), 63-73. (in Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2023.358056.654999.
5. Azerinasrabad, A., Mousavinik, S. M., Galavi, M., Sirousmehr, A., & Beheshti, S. A. (2024). Path analysis and correlation analysis of grain yield and its components in grain sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor) under drought stress conditions. Agricultural Sciences in Dry Regions, 6(4), 295-310. (in Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/csrar.2024.292387.1200
6. Bharat, R. S., & Minhas, P. S. (2005). Strategies for managing saline/alkali waters for sustainable agricultural production in South Asia. Agricultural Water Management, 78, 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.019
7. Blaise, D., Singh, J. V., Bonde, A. N. Tekale, K. U., & Mayee, C. D. (2005). Effects of farmyard manure and fertil izers on yield, fiber quality and nutrient balance of rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Bioresource
8. Technology, 96(3), 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.03.008
9. Bybordi, A. (2012). Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 1092-1101. (in Persian)
10. Ghaedi, S., Afrasiab, P., Liaghat, A., & Khamri, A. (2015). Integrated use of saline and non-saline water in sorghum and sunflower cultivation in Sistan plain. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Research, 2(46), 173-182. (in Persian with English abstract).
11. Hay, R. K., & Walker, A. (1998). An Introduction to the Physiology of Crop Yield. Longman Group UK Limited, UK.
12. Hazeghjafari, P., Ahrizad, S., Mohammadi, A., Nurmandmoayed, F., & Behrouz, P. (2014). Grouping alfalfa genotypes in terms of different traits using multivariate statistical methods. Agricultural Plant Breeding Journal, 6(14), 107-121. (in Persian)
13. Hedayati-Firoozabadi, A., Kazemeini, S. A., Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Ghadiri, H., & Pessarakli, M. (2020). Forage yield and quality as affected by salt stress in different ratios of Sorghum bicolor-Bassia indica Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-1. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1783301
14. Kjeldahl, J. G. C. T. (1883). Neue methode zur bestimmung des stickstoffs in organischen. korpern. Fresenius, Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 22, 366-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01338151
15. Khazaei, A., Torabi, M., Ghasemi, A., & Azarinasrabad, A. (2018). Final evaluation of promising dual-purpose forage-grain sorghum lines. Final Report, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. (in Persian)
16. Khodbandeh, N. (2019). Forage Crop Cultivation. Agricultural Science Publishing, Iran, 310 p. (in Persian)
17. Krishnamurthy, L., Serraj, R., Hash, C. T., Dakheel, A., & Reddy, B. (2007). Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass production. Euphytica, 156, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9343-9
18. Kumudini, S. (2002). Trials and tribulations: A review of the role of assimilate supply in soybean genetic yield improvement. Field Crops Research, 75(2-3), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00027-8
19. Lacerda, C., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M., Ruiz, M., & Prisco, J. (2003). Solute accumulation and distribution during shoot and leaf development in two sorghum genotypes under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 49, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00064-3
20. Lin, C., & Binns, M. R. (1991). Genetic properties of four types of stability parameter. Theoretical and Appllied Genetics, 82, 505-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00588606
21. Mansour, M., Salama, K., Ali, F., & Abou Hadid, A. (2005). Cell and plant responses to NaCl in Zea mays cultivars differing in salt tolerance. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 31, 29-41.
22. Masters, D., Tiong, M., Vercoe, P., & Norman, H. (2010). The nutritive value of river saltbush (Atriplex amnicola) when grown in different concentrations of sodium chloride irrigation solution. Small Ruminant Research, 91(1), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.10.019
23. Miguel, J., Guimaraes, M., Welson, L., Simoes, R., OliveiraGherman, G., & de Araujo, L., (2019). Biometrics and grain yield of sorghum varieties irrigated with salt water. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 23(4), 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n4p285-290
24. Mirmohamadimeybodi, S. A., & Ghareyazi, B. (2002). Physiological and Breeding Aspects of Salinity Stress in Plants. Isfahan University of Technology Press, 274 p. (in Persian)
25. Miyatoo, S., Glenn, P., & Olsen, M. W. (1996). Growth, water use and salt uptake of four halophytes irrigated with highly saline water. Journal of Arid Environments, 32(2), 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0013
26. Morales, C., Cusido, R. M., Palazon, J., & Bonfill, M. (1993). Response of Digitalis purpurea plant to temporary salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 16(2), 335-327.
27. Netondo, G. W., Onyango, J. C., & Beck, E. (2004). Sorghum and Salinity: II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescece of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Science, 44, 806-811. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.8060
28. Nurouzi, M., Chavoshi, A., & Ghajarsepanlou, M. (2022). Effect of irrigation water salinity on relative yield and some morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 63(1), 55-74. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/jwra.2022.352078.823
29. Omar, S. (2014). Physiological parameters of salt tolerance during germination and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor cultivars of the same subtropical origin. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(4), 300-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.05.005
30. Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Ranjbar, G., Pakniyat, H., & Emam, Y., (2016). Physiological Mechanisms of Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants; An Overview. p. 141-160. In: M. M. Azooz & P. Ahmad (Eds). Plantenvironment Interaction: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress. Wiley, London. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119081005.ch8
31. Piri, H., Ansari, H., & Parsa, M. (2017). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of forage sorghum under different salinity levels of irrigation water in a subsurface drip irrigation system. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 30(1), 467-482. (in Persian with English abstract).
32. Pourazizi, M., & Fallah, S. (2010). The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the qualitative properties of sorghum forage. Proceedings of the National Conference on New Achievements in Agronomy, September, Karaj, Iran. (in Persian)
33. Rana, M. (1988). Causes of varited differences in salt tolerance. Proc of the International Congores of Plant Physiolgy, p. 960-989. New Delhi, India.
34. Rashedmohassel, M. H., Hosseini, M., Abdi, M., & Molafilabi, A. (1997). Cereal Crops Agriculture. Mashhad Jihad Daneshgahi Publications, Mashhad, Iran. 408 p. (in Persian)
35. Sarvari, S. M., & Beheshti, S. A. (2011). Relationship between grain yield and plant characteristics in grain sorghum genotypes under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 14(2), 183-201. (In Persian). https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.15625540.1391.14.2.7.0
36. Seif, F., Azizi, F., Paknejad, F., Kashani, A., & Shahabifar, M. (2019). Evaluation of drought stress and clinoptilolite effects on yield and quality of silage corn hybrids. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology, 11(42), 127-146. (In Persian)
37. Shamsadinsaeedi, M., & Farahbakhsh, H. (2009). Effect of salinity stress on yield and some agronomic and physiological traits of two corn hybrids in Kerman region. Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 1(32), 13-24. (in Persian with English abstract)
38. Sharifan, H., & Kazemihasanvand, M. (2015). Evaluation of yield and yield components of sorghum under irrigation with Caspian Sea water. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 9(1), 163-169. (In Persian)
39. Sharifi, M., Ghorbanli, M., & Ebrahimzadeh, H. (2007). Improved growth of salinity-stressed soybean after inoculation with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164, 1144-1151. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.016
40. Soleimani, M., Kafi, M., Ziaei, M., & Shabahang, J. (2008). Effects of deficit irrigation on forage yield of two native mass of salt-tolerant Kochia under saline water irrigation. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Sciences and Industries), 22, 148-156. (in Persian with English abstract)
41. Tabatabaei, S. A., Anaghli, A., Izadfar, M., Ghane, F., & Soltani, V. (2010). Evaluation of salt tolerance in forage sorghum inbred lines under laboratory and field conditions. Final Report, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Iran. (in Persian)
42. Tabatabaei, S. A., & Anagholi, A. (2012). Effects of salinity on some characteristics of forage sorghum genotypes at germination stage. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4(14), 979-983. (in Persian)
43. Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Moller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development Sinauer Associates, 20 p.
44. Velikova, V., Yordanov, I., & Edreva, A. (2000). Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00197-1
45. Yarnia, M. (2007). Evaluation of some physiological indices of forage sorghum cultivars under salinity conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, 1(1), 1-15. (in Persian)
46. Zerbini, E., & Thomas, D. (2003). Opportunities for improvement of nutritive value in sorghum and Pearl millet residues in south Asia through genetic enhancement. Field Crop Research, 84, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00137-0